Beating drum - Kaiko

Japanese: 揩鼓 - かいこ
Beating drum - Kaiko

A Chinese/Japanese membraphone instrument. No longer in existence. It is a type of shimedaiko (tight drum) with a leather surface with a ring frame attached to both ends of a short, narrow body (kyo), and tension is applied to the membrane by pulling the two membranes together with a tuning string. It is held in the left hand so that the membrane is horizontal, and only the upper membrane is flicked or rubbed with the fingers of the right hand, so it is also called the Japanese name suritsumi (suritsumi). "揩" also means "to rub" or "to hit." This instrument, which is thought to have originated in Western Asia or India, also has the Chinese name Touroko, which evokes the Aryan word tab (to hit). Similar shapes can be seen in artworks from the ruins of Gandhara and Borobudur, and the drum has been widely used, including in Yanjing music from the Sui and Tang dynasties in China and early Japanese gagaku, and is thought to be the prototype of later shime-daiko drums in various regions.

[Osamu Yamaguchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国・日本の膜鳴楽器。現存しない。中央のくびれた短い胴(匡(きょう))の両端に輪の枠のついた革面を当て、2枚の膜面を調緒(しらべお)で引っ張り寄せて膜に張力を与える締太鼓(しめだいこ)の一種。膜面が水平になるように左手で持ち、上の膜面だけを右手の指ではじいたり、こすったりして奏したので、日本名を摺鼓(すりつづみ)(須利都々美)ともいう。「揩」にも「こする」「打つ」の意がある。西アジア、インドに由来すると考えられるこの楽器は、アーリア語のtab(打つ)などの語をも想起させる答臘鼓(とうろうこ)という中国名をももっている。ガンダーラやボロブドゥールの遺跡の美術品に類似の形がみられ、中国隋(ずい)・唐代の燕京(えんきょう)楽や初期の日本雅楽に使われていたなど、その分布は広く、各地の後世の締太鼓の祖型とも考えられる。

[山口 修]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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