Maqāmāt (English spelling)

Japanese: マカーマート(英語表記)maqāmāt
Maqāmāt (English spelling)
A genre of Arabic literature. It is said to be a sophisticated work that shows the highest level of skill and learning, and is enjoyed by a select few elites who are not connected to the general public. Originally, maqamat (singular: maqama) meant a meeting or lecture, but later it also came to mean a witty speech used by beggars to attract people. It is believed that the literary genre of maqamat developed from this speech. It was founded by Hamadani in Iran in the 10th century, and about a century later, the work of Hariri of Basra became the most popular. Many writers and scholars have written maqamat since then, but none have surpassed Hariri's work. This genre was also introduced into Persian, Syriac, and Hebrew literature. It is composed of a series of maqamat, with one protagonist being a wandering vagrant and another protagonist reporting on the protagonist's deeds in various parts of the Islamic world, and the accumulation of these maqamat is called maqamat in the plural form.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
アラビア文学の一ジャンル。最高の技巧と学殖とを示す高踏的なもので,民衆とは無縁な一部のエリートたちの愛好するものとの評もある。本来マカーマート (単数形はマカーマ) は,集会,講話などの意味であったが,のち乞食たちの軽妙な人寄せ口上をもいうようになった。文学のジャンルとしてのマカーマートはこの口上から発展したものとみられる。 10世紀,イランのハマダーニーが創始し,約1世紀後のバスラのハリーリーのものが,他を圧して世にもてはやされた。その後も近代にいたるまで多くの文人,学者によって書かれたが,ハリーリーの作をしのぐものは現れていない。このジャンルはペルシア,シリア,ヘブライ諸語の文学にも移入された。1人の無頼の放浪者を主人公とし,そのイスラム世界各地での行状を,もう1人の人物が伝えるという形式で構成され,いくつものマカーマを積上げていったものが,複数形でマカーマートと呼ばれる。

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