Twaddell, WF (English spelling) TwaddellWF

Japanese: Twaddell,W.F.(英語表記)TwaddellWF
Twaddell, WF (English spelling) TwaddellWF

…The definition of phonemes was a major issue in linguistics from the 1930s to the 1940s. The view of phonemes has progressed from the simple view of Polish linguist Baudouin de Courtenay, who considered them to be phonetic concepts extracted from concrete sounds, to E. Sapir's theory that they form a certain type as a psychological entity, to D. Jones's view that they are a group of homogeneous sounds, and finally to the extreme view of American linguist WF Twaddell (1906-), who said that phonemes are fictional. In response to this, L. Bloomfield expressed the position that phonemes are physical entities. …

From [Structural Linguistics]

...The heyday of American structural linguistics, led by the followers of L. Bloomfield, was about 20 years from the late 1930s to the 1950s, and its influence extended all over the world, but in the final years it reached a theoretical impasse. In phonology, the contributions of Bernard Bloch (1907-65) and William Freeman Twaddell (1906- ), and in morphology, Zelig Harris (1909- ), Charles Hockett (1916- ), and Eugene Nida (1914- ), are important. Representative works of distributionalist methodology are Outline of Linguistic Analysis (1942) by Block and George Trager (1906-) and Methods in Structural Linguistics (1951) by Harris, but the latter in particular recognized the methodological dead end of distributionalism and paved the way for the anti-distributionalist transformational generative grammar (generative grammar) by his disciple N. Chomsky.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Twaddell, WF" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この音素の規定は1930年代から40年代にかけて言語学の主要課題であった。音素については,これを具体的音声から抽出された音声概念とするポーランドの言語学者ボードゥアン・ド・クルトネの素朴な見解から,一方では心理的実在としてある型をなすものとするE.サピアの説および同質の音声のグループと解するD.ジョーンズの見方に進み,ついに音素は虚構であるというアメリカの言語学者トウォデルW.F.Twaddell(1906‐ )の極論にいたった。これに対し,L.ブルームフィールドは音素を物理的実体としてとらえる立場を表明した。…

【構造言語学】より

…1930年代後半から50年代にかけての約20年はL.ブルームフィールドの追随者たちによるアメリカ構造言語学の全盛期でその影響は全世界に及んだが,末期には理論的行詰りを生じた。音素論ではブロックBernard Bloch(1907‐65),トウォデルWilliam Freeman Twaddell(1906‐ ),形態論ではハリスZelig Harris(1909‐ ),ホケットCharles Hockett(1916‐ ),ナイダEugene Nida(1914‐ )らの業績が重要である。分布主義的方法論の祖述としては先のブロックとトレーガーGeorge Trager(1906‐ )の《言語分析概説Outline of Linguistic Analysis》(1942)とハリスの《構造言語学の方法Methods in Structural Linguistics》(1951)が代表的であるが,とくに後者は分布主義の方法論的行詰りを認め,弟子のN.チョムスキーによる反分布主義的な変形生成文法(生成文法)への道を開いた。…

※「Twaddell,W.F.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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