moral sense

Japanese: moral sense(英語表記)moralsense
moral sense

…The oldest use of the word syneidēsis as conscience is found in Democritus, but outside of the Stoics, examples that are particularly important for the modern concept of conscience are those in the New Testament, especially in the Pauline epistles, where it can be understood as the internalization of fear of the Word of God. This has been inherited through Luther and Calvin, particularly in the form of the theory of moral sense (i.e. the theory of the impartial internal spectator) in modern England and Kant's concept of conscience as an internal court, in the idea of ​​the autonomy of the modern personality, and it also lives on in Heidegger's concept of the call of conscience in existential thought. Although conscience is a concept that indicates the fundamental unity of moral consciousness in a broad sense, the most original phenomenon of conscience is the internal call that gives rise to the consciousness of guilt and remorse. …

*Some explanations of terms that mention "moral sense" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…良心としてのsyneidēsisという語の最古の用例はデモクリトスに見いだされるが,ストア学派以外で近代的良心概念にとってとくに重要なのは新約聖書,とくにパウロ書簡における用例であり,それは神のことばに対する恐れの内面化と解されうる。これはルター,カルバンを経て,とりわけ近代イギリスにおけるモラル・センスmoral senseの理論(すなわち公平な内的傍観者の理論)やカントにおける内的法廷としての良心の概念というかたちで,近代的な人格の〈自律〉という思想のうちに継承され,さらにはハイデッガーの実存思想における良心の呼び声という概念のうちにも生き続けている。良心は広義には道徳意識の根源的統一を表示する概念ではあるが,罪責感や悔恨の意識を生じさせる内からの〈呼び声〉が良心の最も本来的な現象である。…

※「moral sense」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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