Artel' (English spelling)

Japanese: アルテリ（英語表記）artel’

In Russia and the Soviet Union, this was a voluntary cooperative organization of small producers or workers for the pursuit of economic goals. It is said to have originated from the Turkic word ortak (union) or the Italian artiei (craftsmen). The word appeared in the 17th century, but after the emancipation of the serfs, this type of organization developed in many different ways and its meaning diversified. Examples of small producer artels before the revolution included fishermen's artels who worked together, dairy farmers' artels who had a workshop with a joint investment, various cooperative-type organizations for joint purchasing and sales, and stonemasons' mutual aid organizations.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

ロシア，ソ連邦における小生産者または労働者の経済的目的追求のための自主的な共同組織。チュルク語のortak(組合)起源ともイタリア語のartieri(職人たち)起源ともいわれる。17世紀にこの語は現れるが，農奴解放後この種の組織は多様に発達し語義も多様化した。革命前の小生産者アルテリとしては，たとえば共同労働を行う漁労アルテリ，共同出資の作業場をもつ酪農家の共同利用アルテリ，共同購入･販売を行う諸種の協同組合型組織，石工の相互扶助組織など。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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