French chemist. Born to a worker at an arms factory in Cherbourg. He entered the University of Lyon, where he initially preferred mathematics and did not become interested in chemistry. In 1900, he met the chemist Phillipe Antoine Barbier (1848-1922), which determined his future as a chemist. His teacher's instructions to use magnesium metal instead of zinc in organic synthesis proved successful, leading to the discovery of the widely useful Grignard reagent (made by dissolving magnesium powder in an ethereal solution of an alkyl bromide or iodide). He served as a lecturer and professor at local universities such as Besançon and Nancy, and shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1912 with P. Sabatier for his research on catalysis. With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, he enlisted in the military and engaged in research into poison gas, but after the war he returned to his research into organic chemistry, and in 1919 he became a professor at the University of Lyon. In his final years, he edited the Traité de chimie organique (Encyclopedia of Organic Chemistry) and wrote his own history of organic chemistry. [Yojiro Tsuzuki] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
フランスの化学者。シェルブールの兵器工場勤めの労働者の子として生まれる。リヨン大学に入り、初め数学を好み、化学には親しまなかった。1900年化学者のバルビエPhillipe Antoine Barbier(1848―1922)に巡り会ったことが化学者としての彼の将来を決めることになった。有機合成に亜鉛のかわりにマグネシウム金属を用いたらという師の指示が功を奏し、広範囲に有用なグリニャール試薬(臭化あるいはヨウ化アルキルのエーテル溶液にマグネシウム粉を溶かしてつくった)の発見となった。ブザンソン、ナンシーなど地方大学の講師や教授を務め、1912年ノーベル化学賞を触媒研究のP・サバチエとともに受けた。1914年第一次世界大戦勃発(ぼっぱつ)とともに軍務に服し、毒ガスの研究に従事したが、戦後は有機化学研究に戻り、1919年リヨン大学の教授、最晩年は『有機化学大系』Traité de chimie organiqueを編集し、自ら有機化学の歴史を書いた。 [都築洋次郎] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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