'ā'ila (English spelling) aila

Japanese: ‘ā'ila(英語表記)aila
'ā'ila (English spelling) aila

...Due to the low status of women, a custom of suicide for the wife called Sati (meaning "chaste wife") was practiced among the upper and middle castes, in which the wife was cremated alive along with the body of her husband, and many Sati memorial pillars remain in Indian villages. [Toshio Yamazaki]
[Middle East and Islamic Society]
The Arabic word for family is generally 'ā'ila. In modern times, it is common to use usra to refer to the nuclear family and 'ā'ila to refer to the extended family, but traditionally there was no such distinction.

From [Bedouin]


[society]
In Bedouin society, blood ties are considered paramount among human relationships, and the basic social unit is the family (household) based on patrilineage. The nuclear family, called usra, and the three-generation family, called 'ā'ila, are often the unit of life, but there are also kinship groups called fahiz that trace their ancestors back five generations, and even more so, there are tribes, which sometimes form alliances with each other. In relation to the nature of Bedouin society, pre-Islamic Arab society was a society that placed blood ties first. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "'ā'ila" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…この婦女の地位の低さから,サティー(〈貞淑な妻〉の意)とよばれる妻の殉死が,上層・中層カーストの間でおこなわれ,それは夫の遺体と一緒に生きながら妻も火葬されるもので,インドの村々にはサティーの記念像柱が多数残っている。【山崎 利男】
【中東・イスラム社会】
 家族を表すアラビア語は一般にはアーイラ‘ā’ilaである。現代では,核家族をウスラusra,拡大家族をアーイラと使い分ける場合が多いが,伝統的にはこのような区別はなかった。…

【ベドウィン】より


[社会]
 ベドウィンの社会では血縁関係が人間関係の中で至上のものとされ,とくに父系を軸とした家族(家)が,基本的な社会構成単位となっている。ウスラusraと呼ばれる核家族,アーイラ‘ā’ilaと呼ばれる3世代家族が生活の単位であることが多いが,5世代前の祖先までさかのぼるファヒズと呼ばれる親族集団も存在し,さらにこれを超える集団として部族があり,それぞれの部族は同盟を結び合うこともある。 イスラム以前のアラブ社会は,このようなベドウィン社会の性格と関連して,血縁関係を第一とする社会であった。…

※「‘ā'ila」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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