A Soviet orbital scientific station. It has a maximum diameter of 4m, a length of 20m, a volume of about 100m3 , and a weight of about 20t. It was launched on April 19, 1971, and entered an orbit with a perigee of 200km, an apogee of 222km, and an inclination of 51.6 degrees. Four days later, Soyuz 10 was launched with Colonel VA Shatalov, engineers AS Eliseev, and engineers N. Rukavishnikov, and was docked for five and a half hours. On June 6, Soyuz 11 with Captain GT Dobrovolsky, engineers VN Volkov, and engineers VI Batsaev, docked and transferred to a Salyut. Although small, it was the first manned space station and continued its orbital flight for 23 days. However, the three crew members of Soyuz 11 died when they landed in an accident during the return flight. Salyut 1 was destroyed on October 11, 1971. Salyut 2 (April 3, 1973), Salyut 3 (June 25, 1974), Salyut 4 (December 26, 1974), Salyut 5 (June 22, 1976), Salyut 6 (September 29, 1977), and Salyut 7 (April 19, 1982) were subsequently launched, and various experiments were successfully carried out. From 1986 onwards, the new space station "Mir" took over its functions. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ソ連の軌道科学ステーション。最大直径 4m,長さ 20m,容積約 100m3,重量約 20tである。 1971年4月 19日に打上げられ,近地点 200km,遠地点 222km,傾斜角 51.6度の軌道に乗った。4日後に V.A.シャタロフ大佐,A.S.エリセイエフ技師,N.ルカビシニコフ技師の乗ったソユーズ 10号が打上げられ,5時間半にわたってドッキング。6月6日には G.T.ドブロボルスキー船長,V.N.ボルコフ技師,V.I.バツァーエフ技師の乗ったソユーズ 11号がドッキングし,サリュートに移乗。小型ではあるが初の有人宇宙ステーションとして,23日間にわたって軌道飛行を続けた。しかし 11号の乗員3名は帰還途中の事故で,着陸したとき死亡していた。サリュート1号は 71年 10月 11日に消滅。その後2号 (73.4.3.) ,3号 (74.6.25.) ,4号 (74.12.26.) ,5号 (76.6.22.) ,6号 (77.9.29.) ,7号 (82.4.19.) が打上げられ,各種の実験に成功した。 86年以降は新型の宇宙ステーション「ミール」がその機能を引継いだ。
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