… Utilitarianism, which is an ethical theory that seeks the realization of happiness as the standard for judging whether a human action is good or bad, is the result of empirical philosophy. The ethical theory of utilitarianism created moral philosophy, which was carried on in England by Hutcheson, Smith, Bentham, and Mill and his son, and classical economics from Smith to J.S. Mill was born from this. Utilitarianism became the basis of economics because it provided the basis for individualistic rationalism, from which the idea of the "economic man" (homo economicus) was derived. … From [Moral]…In modern languages, including the Japanese word moral, the emphasis is generally on the third meaning. Philosophy of morality is called ethics (in English, Ethik in German), or moral science (in German, Moral), or moral philosophy (in English). In modern Britain, moral philosophy originally had a broader meaning, so much so that it was called philosophy of the mind. For example, the one that A. Smith lectured at the University of Glasgow consisted of four parts: theology, ethics (The Theory of Moral Sentiments), law, and economics. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "moral philosophy" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 経験主義哲学が倫理学説になったものが,人間行為の善悪の判断基準を幸福の実現に求める功利主義である。功利主義の倫理学説は,イギリスにおいてハチソン,スミス,ベンサム,ミル父子の流れによって担われた道徳哲学moral philosophyをつくり出し,これを母体としてスミスからJ.S.ミルにいたる古典派経済学が生み出された。功利主義が経済学の母体となったのは,それが個人主義的合理主義を根拠づけ,後者から〈経済人〉(ホモ・エコノミクス)思想が導出されたことによる。… 【道徳】より…モラルという日本語をも含め,総じて近代語においては,第3の意味に重点がある。 道徳に関する哲学は倫理学(英語ではethics,ドイツ語ではEthik),あるいは道徳学(ドイツ語ではMoral),道徳哲学(英語ではmoral philosophy)と呼ばれる。moral philosophyは近代イギリスでは元来は精神哲学というほどの広い意味のものであり,たとえばA.スミスがグラスゴー大学で講義したそれは,神学,倫理学(《道徳感情論》),法学,および経済学という四つの部分から成り立っていた。… ※「moral philosophy」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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