Tuning fork - Onsa (English spelling)

Japanese: 音叉 - おんさ(英語表記)tuning fork
Tuning fork - Onsa (English spelling)

A simple acoustic device for generating pure tones, consisting of a U-shaped steel rod with a handle attached. When one end of the rod is struck, it vibrates transversely at the curved part, with two nodes (places where the amplitude of the vibration is zero). Therefore, the amplitude at the curved part is small, and holding the handle in the hand does not impede the vibration much. In contrast, when a straight rod is vibrated, the two nodes are far apart, and the amplitude at the center is large, so it is not possible to hold this part. In addition, when a straight rod vibrates transversely, the ratio of the fundamental tone to the next overtone is 1:2.76, but for a tuning fork, the ratio is 1:6.25. In general, the higher the frequency, the more rapidly the attenuation occurs, so in the case of a tuning fork, the overtone disappears quickly and only the fundamental tone remains, making it suitable for generating pure tones. In some cases, a box that resonates with the fundamental tone frequency is attached to the tuning fork. The frequency of a tuning fork is roughly inversely proportional to the square of the length of the rod and roughly proportional to its thickness. It is also desirable to select a material for the tuning fork that has as little damping as possible inside the material. Because tuning forks have a stable frequency, they are used to tune musical instruments such as pianos, and are sometimes used in low-frequency oscillators combined with electrical circuits.

[Yoshio Hiki]

[Reference] | Sound
Vibration of a tuning fork
©Shogakukan ">

Vibration of a tuning fork


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

純音を発生させるための簡単な音響機器で、U字形の鋼鉄製の棒に柄(え)を取り付けたもの。その一端をたたくと、湾曲部に二つの節(ふし)(振動の振幅がゼロとなる場所)をもつ横振動をする。したがって、湾曲部での振幅は小さく、柄を手で持っても振動はそれほど妨げられない。これに対して、まっすぐな棒を振動させたときは、二つの節は大きく離れており、中央部の振幅は大きく、ここを持つわけにはいかない。また、まっすぐな棒の横振動の場合、基音と次の上音の振動数の比は1:2.76であるが、音叉では1:6.25と大きく離れている。一般に振動数が高いほど減衰が急激に大きくなるので、音叉の場合、上音はすぐに消えてしまい、基音のみ残り、したがって純音の発生に適している。また基音の振動数に共鳴する箱を音叉に取り付けて用いる場合もある。音叉の振動数は、棒の長さの2乗にほぼ逆比例し、厚さにほぼ比例する。また、音叉用の材料としてはそれの内部での振動の減衰がなるべく小さいものを選ぶのが望ましい。音叉は振動数が安定しているので、ピアノなどの楽器の調律に用いられ、また電気回路と結合した低周波発振器に利用されることがある。

[比企能夫]

[参照項目] |
音叉の振動
©Shogakukan">

音叉の振動


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