Chongming Island

Japanese: 崇明島 - すうめいとう
Chongming Island

A sand island at the mouth of the Yangtze River in China. Its area is 1,267 square kilometers (2016). Most of it is part of Chongming District, Shanghai, but the northeastern part is part of Qidong City and Haimen City, Jiangsu Province. Chongming District has a permanent population of 703,722 (2010). It is a sandbar formed by the alluvial action of the Yangtze River. It appeared at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, and since then, many sandbars have appeared and disappeared repeatedly due to the movement of the main stream of the Yangtze River from north to south, the ebb and flow of the tides, and the influence of waves. From the end of the Ming Dynasty to the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, mud and sand accumulated between the islands, and they became one large island. In modern times, both the eastern and western ends have risen rapidly, and the area is increasing day by day. The terrain is flat, rivers run in all directions, and the soil is fertile. The Totan Wetlands in the eastern part of the island were designated a Ramsar Convention site in 2002.

Full-scale cultivation began in the late 19th century, and after the founding of the People's Republic of China, eight state-run farms were built. The area mainly produces rice, wheat, beans, and cotton. Fishing is also thriving. A bridge connects the area to the center of Shanghai and Qidong City.

[Kazuo Hayashi, Editorial Department, April 18, 2017]

[Reference] | Shanghai

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中国、揚子江(ようすこう)の河口にある砂島。面積1267平方キロメートル(2016)。大部分が上海(シャンハイ)市崇明区に属すが、北東の一部は江蘇(こうそ)省啓東(けいとう)市、海門(かいもん)市に属す。崇明区の常住人口は70万3722(2010)。揚子江の沖積作用により形成された中州で、唐代初めに出現し、以後、揚子江の本流が南北に移動したことや、潮の干満、波の影響でいくつもの中州が出現・消滅を繰り返していたが、明(みん)末から清(しん)初にかけて島々の間に泥砂が堆積して一つの大島になった。近代になり東西両端が急速に高くなり、面積は日ごとに増大している。地形は平坦(へいたん)で、河川が縦横に流れ、土壌は肥沃である。島東部の東灘(とうたん)湿地は2002年にラムサール条約登録湿地となった。

 19世紀後半から本格的に開墾を開始し、中華人民共和国成立後は8か所に国営農場が建設された。米を主に、小麦、豆、綿花を産出する。漁業も盛んである。連絡橋で上海の中心部および啓東市とつながる。

[林 和生・編集部 2017年4月18日]

[参照項目] | 上海

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