A communist education organization based on the voluntary participation of 10-15 year old children in the Soviet Union. Its official name is "Lenin All-Union Pioneers". Its establishment was decided under the leadership of Krupskaya at the 5th Congress of Komsomol (Leninist Youth Communist League of the Soviet Union) on May 1, 1922. The Pioneers' purpose was to foster the spirit of love of country, love of work, friendship, cooperation, perseverance, peace, and international solidarity by having children carry out various social activities. Activities were managed independently based on the decisions of the conferences (soviets) that they themselves elected under the guidance of the upper organization Komsomol. The basic unit of the organization was the pioneer group established in schools and "children's homes", which were divided into squads, and the squads were further divided into groups. Activities included daily activities such as rallies, discussion meetings, exhibitions, and community service, as well as pioneer camps held in various places in the summer as the largest regular event. As of 1982, the number of members of the organization was approximately 25 million. There was also an organization for children below the age of Pioneer, called Oktyabryata (ages 7-9). The Pioneer organization disappeared with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, but in the Russian Federation new private youth organizations such as the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts have emerged to replace the Pioneers as organizations for extracurricular activities, and the Ministry of Education is supporting these organizations. [Kawanobe Satoshi] [References] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ソ連の10歳から15歳の児童の自主的な参加に基づく共産主義教育の組織。正式名称を「レーニン記念全ソ連邦ピオネール」という。1922年5月1日のコムソモール(全ソ連邦レーニン共産青年同盟)第5回大会でクループスカヤの指導のもとその設立が決定された。ピオネールは、児童にさまざまな社会的活動を遂行させることによって祖国愛、労働愛、友情、協力、忍耐、平和、国際連帯などの精神を育成することを目的としていた。活動は、上部組織であるコムソモールの指導のもとに、自らが選出した会議(ソビエト)の決定に基づいて自主的に運営されていた。組織の基本単位は、学校や「子供の家」に設けられるピオネール団であり、団は隊に分けられ、隊はさらに班に分けられていた。活動内容としては、集会、討論会、展覧会、社会奉仕などの日常活動のほか、最大の定期的行事として夏季にはピオネール・キャンプが各地で催された。82年時点の組織人員は約2500万人であった。また、ピオネールの該当年齢以下の年齢の子供の組織としてオクチャブリャータ(октябрята/oktyabryata、7歳~9歳)があった。なお、ピオネールの組織は、91年のソ連崩壊とともに消滅したが、ロシア連邦では校外活動の組織として新たにボーイスカウト、ガールスカウトなど、ピオネールにかわる民間青少年組織が出現し、教育省はこれを支援している。 [川野辺敏] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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