Lead azide - Ajikanamari (English spelling) lead azide

Japanese: アジ化鉛 - あじかなまり(英語表記)lead azide
Lead azide - Ajikanamari (English spelling) lead azide

Lead salt of hydroazide. Also called lead azide. Lead nitride is a misnomer. Chemical formula: Pb(N 3 ) 2 Formula weight: 291.26. When a dilute aqueous solution of sodium azide is added to a dilute aqueous solution of lead acetate (II) while stirring, it precipitates as needle-shaped crystals. Because the crystals are prone to explosion even in water, they are industrially produced as amorphous granules by adding about 2% gelatin or dextrin to the aqueous solution of sodium azide to prevent crystal growth. Pure azide is a colorless crystal, and is known to be of stable orthorhombic type (α (alpha) type) and unstable monoclinic type (β (beta) type) (specific gravity of 4.71 for α type, 4.93 for β type). It is almost insoluble in cold water or ethanol (ethyl alcohol), but is soluble in an aqueous solution of lead acetate (II) and dilute nitric acid. It is slightly soluble in boiling water, but decomposes to emit ammonia and becomes a non-explosive substance. Its ignition point is 330°C, and it explodes instantly when ignited or subjected to a slight shock or friction. It is used as an explosive in military detonators and fuses, but the crystalline form has the disadvantage of being too sensitive. It can be decomposed by dissolving it in an ammonium acetate solution and adding sodium dichromate, or by treating it with nitric acid in a sodium nitrite solution. Toxic. Causes dermatitis.

[Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アジ化水素酸の鉛塩。鉛アジドともいう。窒化鉛は誤称。化学式Pb(N3)2 式量291.26。アジ化ナトリウムの希水溶液をかき混ぜながら、これに酢酸鉛(Ⅱ)の希水溶液を加えると、針状晶として沈殿する。結晶は水中でも爆発しやすいので、工業的にはアジ化ナトリウム水溶液に約2%のゼラチンかデキストリンを加え、結晶の成長を防いで無定形粒状物として製造する。純粋なものは無色の結晶で、斜方晶系の安定型(α(アルファ)型)と、単斜晶系の不安定型(β(ベータ)型)が知られる(α型の比重4.71、β型の比重4.93)。冷水やエタノール(エチルアルコール)にはほとんど溶けないが、酢酸鉛(Ⅱ)の水溶液や希硝酸に溶ける。沸騰水にわずかに溶けるが、アンモニアを発して分解し非爆発性の物質となる。発火点は330℃で、点火またはわずかの衝撃、摩擦によって瞬間的に爆発する。起爆薬として軍事用の雷管、信管に用いられるが、結晶状のものはあまりに鋭敏であるなど欠点もある。酢酸アンモニウム水溶液に溶かし、二クロム酸ナトリウムを加えるか、亜硝酸ナトリウム水溶液中で硝酸を作用させて分解することができる。有毒。皮膚炎をおこす。

[守永健一・中原勝儼]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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