Chairperson's Decision

...However, by convention, the Speaker does not participate in votes as a member of the Diet. Many believe that the Speaker's decision should be exercised to maintain the status quo, but in July 1975, Kenzo Kono, the President of the House of Councillors, exercised his power of decision-making to pass a bill that would amend the law. By extension, in a political sense, the term "holding the casting vote" can also be used to describe a situation in which a third party or smaller party plays a decisive role in changing the relationship between the majority and minority when neither of the two major opposing parties can control a majority.

*Some of the terminology used in reference to "chairman's approval" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…ただし慣行上，議長は，議員としての表決には加わらない。議長決裁は，現状維持的に行使されるべきだという見解が多いが，1975年7月，参議院議長河野謙三は，法律改正を内容とする法案を成立させるために決裁権を行使した。　上記の意味から転じて，政治的意味で，対立関係にある二大勢力のどちらもが過半数を制しえない状態のもとで，第三党以下の小勢力が多数･少数関係の推移に決定的な役割を演ずることをも，〈キャスティング･ボートをにぎる〉という。…

※「議長決裁」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報