Prophets

Japanese: 預言書 - よげんしょ(英語表記)Prophets
Prophets

It refers to the literature of the prophets. It is the second of the three divisions of the Old Testament, namely, the Law (Torah), the Prophets (Nevi'im), and the Writings (Kesvi'im). Generally, prophetic activity itself was a phenomenon widely seen in the ancient Orient, and in many cases it functioned as a shamanic or priestly function in which a person would enter a state of ecstasy using a musical instrument as a medium and convey God's will to people. In the case of the Old Testament, prophets appear as God's spokesmen (Nabi) who speak God's words to the people on God's behalf. Their job was to establish a true personal relationship between Yahweh and the people of Israel, and for that purpose they not only killed themselves and lived in Yahweh's covenant, but also continued to call out to the people to live in accordance with the covenant. This is why their prophecies became harsh criticisms of Israel and appeared as scathing judgments. However, on the other hand, the prophet's job also included "intercession" for those who repent and return to Yahweh. We do not forget to tell you that Yahweh is a God of judgment as well as a God of love. The prophets in the Old Testament are divided into the pre-prophets (Book of Joshua, Book of Judges, Book of Samuel, and Book of Kings) and the post-prophets (Book of Isaiah, Book of Jeremiah, Book of Ezekiel, and Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets) around the 8th century BC, but the prophetic books usually refer to the books of the post-prophets.

[Yamagata Takao]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

預言者の文学をさす。『旧約聖書』の3区分、すなわち「律法」(トーラー)、「預言書」(ネビイーム)、「諸書」(ケスビーム)の第二の部分にあたる。一般に預言活動それ自体は、古代オリエント世界に広くみられる現象であり、多くの場合、楽器を媒介として恍惚(こうこつ)状態に入り、神の意志を人々に告げるシャーマン的、祭司的職能として機能した。『旧約聖書』の場合、預言者は、神のことばを神にかわって民に語る神の代弁者(ナービー)として登場する。彼らの職務は、ヤーウェとイスラエルの民との間に真実の人格関係を打ち立てることにあったが、そのために自ら身を殺してヤーウェの契約に生きることはもちろん、民に対しても契約に従って生きるようひたすら叫び続けた。彼らの預言がイスラエルに対する厳しい批判となり、痛烈な審判となって現れたのはそのためである。しかし一方、悔い改めてヤーウェに立ち返る者への「とりなし」も預言者の職務に属する。ヤーウェは審(さば)く神であると同時に愛の神であることを伝えることを忘れていない。『旧約聖書』の預言者は、紀元前8世紀を境に、前預言者(「ヨシュア記」「士師(しし)記」「サムエル記」「列王紀」)と後預言者(「イザヤ書」「エレミヤ書」「エゼキエル書」「十二小預言書」)に分かれるが、通常、預言書という場合には後預言者の書をさしている。

[山形孝夫]

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