Ashgabat - Ashgabat (English spelling)

Japanese: アシガバート - あしがばーと(英語表記)Ашгабат/Ashgabat
Ashgabat - Ashgabat (English spelling)

The capital of the Republic of Turkmenistan in southwestern Central Asia. It occupies a plain at an altitude of 214-240 meters near the northern foot of the Kopet-Dag mountain range on the border with Iran. It has a population of 525,000 and a metropolitan population of 605,000 (1999). The Karakum Canal was opened in 1963. The Central Asian Railway (Turkmenbashi-Tashkent) runs through the city. When Turkmenistan was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, it was called Ashhabad, but after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1992, it was called Ashgabat in Turkmen. The origin of the city's name is said to be a compound word of the Arabic word Ashk (love) and the Persian word Abad (city). In 1881, an Imperial Russian fortress was built near an old village of the same name, and it became the center of the Transcaspian region. Although it was devastated by the 1948 earthquake, various industries, mainly mechanical engineering, developed in the area, and it is now home to universities and research institutes, including Turkmen University and the Academy of Sciences. The Desert Research Institute and the Seismological Research Institute are particularly well known. Nearby are the Nisa ruins (there are two), known as Parthian ruins, the Anau ruins, which marked the beginning of research into the Neolithic culture of southern Turkmenistan, and the ruins of the Anau Mosque (15th century).

[Kato Kujo]

[References] | Anau Ruins | Karakum Canal | Turkmenistan | Parthia

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

中央アジア南西部、トルクメニスタン共和国の首都。イランとの国境にあるコペト・ダグ山脈の北麓(ほくろく)近く、標高214~240メートルの平原を占める。人口52万5000、都市圏人口60万5000(1999)。1963年カラクム運河が開通。中央アジア鉄道(トルクメンバシ―タシケント)が通じている。トルクメニスタンがソ連の構成共和国であった時代はアシュハバードАшхабад/Ashhabadとよばれたが、ソ連崩壊後の1992年トルクメン語のアシガバートの名でよばれることになった。市名の語源はアラビア語のアシュクAshk(愛)とペルシア語のアバードAbad(都市)の合成語に由来するといわれる。古くからあった同名の村の近くに、1881年帝政ロシアの要塞(ようさい)が建設され、ザカスピ州の中心地となった。1948年の大地震で壊滅的打撃を受けたが、やがて機械工業を中心に各種の工業が発達し、トルクメン大学、科学アカデミーなど大学や研究所が集中している。とりわけ砂漠研究所と地震研究所はよく知られている。付近にパルティア時代の遺跡として知られるニサ遺跡(二つある)、南トルクメニスタンの新石器文化調査の発端となったアナウ遺跡、アナウ・モスクの廃墟(はいきょ)(15世紀)などがある。

[加藤九祚]

[参照項目] | アナウ遺跡 | カラクム運河 | トルクメニスタン | パルティア

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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