… Meanwhile, the X-ray crystal structure analysis method established by WH and WL Bragg expanded its scope to include not only inorganic compounds but also structurally complex organic compounds and biomolecules. The elucidation of the structure of hemoglobin by Max Ferdinand Perutz (1914- ) and John Cowdery Kendrew (1917-97) in 1958, and the precise structural analysis of sterol, penicillin, vitamin B12 by Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910-94) are just a few examples of developments in this field. As can be seen from these examples, the development of natural product chemistry is a major feature of organic chemistry in the 20th century. … [Biophysics]...Since the 1940s, molecular genetics has made rapid progress under the leadership of theoretical physicist M. Delbrück, while methods for structural analysis of biopolymers such as nucleic acids and proteins have been developed. Representative achievements include the discovery of the complementary double helix structure of DNA by JD Watson and FHC Crick in 1953, and the determination of the three-dimensional structure of hemoglobin, the first protein, by M. Perutz in 1960. After that, the genetic code was determined, and the basic understanding of the mechanisms of gene replication, transcription, and translation was achieved, establishing what is known as the central dogma of molecular biology. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Perutz, MF" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 一方,W.H.およびW.L.ブラッグ父子が確立した結晶のX線構造解析法は無機化合物のみならず,構造が複雑な有機化合物,生体分子へとその対象を拡張していった。ペルツMax Ferdinand Perutz(1914‐ )とケンドリューJohn Cowdery Kendrew(1917‐97)によるヘモグロビンなどの構造解明(1958),ホジキンDorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin(1910‐94)によるステリン,ペニシリン,ビタミンB12などの精密構造解析は,この分野での発展の一例にすぎない。これらの例からわかるように,20世紀の有機化学は天然物化学の発展に大きな特色をもつ。… 【生物物理学】より…1940年代以降理論物理学者M.デルブリュックに率いられて,分子遺伝学が急速に進歩し,いっぽう核酸・タンパク質などの生体高分子の構造解析の方法が発達した。53年J.D.ワトソンとF.H.C.クリックによるDNAの相補的二重らせん構造の発見,60年のペルツM.Perutzによるタンパク質として初めてのヘモグロビンの立体構造の決定がその代表的成果である。その後遺伝暗号が決定され,遺伝子の複製,転写,翻訳機構の基本的理解がなされ,分子生物学の中心ドグマと呼ばれるものが確立された。… ※「Perutz,M.F.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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