Child support allowance - Jidou Fuyou Teate

Japanese: 児童扶養手当 - じどうふようてあて
Child support allowance - Jidou Fuyou Teate

Based on the Child Rearing Allowance Act (Act No. 238 of 1961), this allowance is paid to caregivers such as fathers or mothers and grandparents in single-parent families with the aim of stabilizing their lives and promoting the welfare of children. For families other than single-parent families, the allowance is also paid when the father or mother has a certain degree of disability or has received a protection order from the court due to spousal violence. Eligible children are children up to 18 years old, and the payment age is raised to 20 years old for children with moderate or severe disabilities. The monthly amount of the allowance varies depending on the number of children and the income of the eligible recipient.

The amount of the payment fluctuates according to the price level, but the monthly child support allowance as of November 2019 (Reiwa 1) is as follows:

(1) For one child, full payment of 42,910 yen will be provided, and partial payment of 42,900 to 10,120 yen will be provided (based on income).

(2) Additional amount for second child: Full payment of 10,140 yen, partial payment of 10,130 to 5,070 yen (determined according to income).

(3) Additional amount for the third and subsequent children (per child): Full payment of 6,080 yen, partial payment of 6,070 to 3,040 yen (determined according to income).

In addition, the limit on a recipient's income (income minus deductions) (hereinafter referred to as the limit) is determined by the number of dependents under tax law, as shown below.

(1) 0 people: Full payment limit is 490,000 yen, partial payment limit is 1,920,000 yen.

(2) The maximum amount for full payment per person is 870,000 yen, and the maximum amount for partial payment is 2.3 million yen.

(3) 2 people: Full payment limit is 1.25 million yen, partial payment limit is 2.68 million yen.

(4) 3 people: Full payment limit is 1.63 million yen, partial payment limit is 3.06 million yen.

After that, for each additional dependent, an additional 380,000 yen will be added to the limit. To receive the benefit, an application must be made to the city, town, or village office.

The Child Rearing Allowance was established in 1961 (Showa 36) for single-mother families. As of the end of fiscal year 2017 (Heisei 29), the number of recipients was 973,188, of which 886,973 were mothers, 53,470 were fathers, and 32,745 were other caregivers. The number of recipients has been increasing since around 1975, but has been decreasing since peaking at 1,083,317 in fiscal year 2012. In terms of the amount of the allowance, a payment limit was set in fiscal year 2008 according to the income of the recipient. After that, the recipients were expanded to include single-mother families in 2010, and families with protection orders issued due to spousal violence in 2012. Furthermore, since December 2014, when the amount of public pension benefits received by grandparents raising children is lower than the child rearing allowance, the difference can be received. In addition, the increase in the amount for the second and subsequent children implemented from August 2016 was the first in 36 years for the second child and the first in 22 years for the third and subsequent children. From 2017, a price sliding system, which changes the payment amount according to the rise and fall of prices, has been fully introduced, including the additional amount for second and subsequent children. Also, from November 2019, the payment was changed from four months' worth, three times a year, to two months' worth, six times a year.

[Editorial Department, February 17, 2021]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

児童扶養手当法(昭和36年法律第238号)に基づき、ひとり親家庭の父または母、祖父母などの養育者に対し、生活の安定や子供の福祉の増進を目的として支給される手当。ひとり親家庭以外では、父や母が一定程度の障害をもつ場合や、父や母が配偶者からの暴力により裁判所から保護命令を受けている場合にも支給される。対象となるのは18歳までの児童で、児童に中程度以上の障害がある場合には支給年齢が20歳までに引き上げられる。手当の月額は児童の数や受給資格のある人の所得に応じて異なる。

 支給額は物価水準に従って変動するが、2019年(令和1)11月時点の児童扶養手当の月額は以下のようになっている。

(1)児童1人 全額支給4万2910円、一部支給4万2900~1万0120円(所得に応じて決定)。

(2)児童2人目の加算額 全額支給1万0140円、一部支給1万0130~5070円(所得に応じて決定)。

(3)児童3人目以降の加算額(1人につき) 全額支給6080円、一部支給6070~3040円(所得に応じて決定)。

 また、受給資格者の所得(収入から控除額を差し引いた金額)の制限限度額(以下、限度額と略す)は、下記のように税法上の扶養親族等の人数によって決められている。

(1)0人 全額支給の限度額49万円、一部支給の限度額192万円。

(2)1人 全額支給の限度額87万円、一部支給の限度額230万円。

(3)2人 全額支給の限度額125万円、一部支給の限度額268万円。

(4)3人 全額支給の限度額163万円、一部支給の限度額306万円。

以降扶養親族人数が1人増すごとに、限度額に38万円が加算される。受給には市区町村への申請が必要である。

 児童扶養手当は母子家庭を対象として、1961年(昭和36)に創設された。2017年度(平成29)末における受給者数は97万3188人で、そのうち母が88万6973人、父は5万3470人、それ以外の養育者が3万2745人である。受給者数は1975年ごろから増加してきたが、2012年度の108万3317人をピークに減少に転じている。受給額においては、2008年度から受給資格者の所得に応じた支給限度額が設けられた。その後、支給対象が拡大され、2010年に父子家庭、2012年には配偶者からの暴力で保護命令の出ている家庭も支給対象となった。さらに、2014年12月からは、児童を養育する祖父母などの公的年金受給額が児童扶養手当よりも低いとき、その差額を受給できるようになった。また、2016年8月分から実施された児童2人目以降の金額の引上げは、2人目については36年ぶり、3人目以降については22年ぶりである。2017年からは物価の上下にあわせて支給額が変わる物価スライド制が、2人目以上の場合の加算額を含めて全面的に導入されている。また、2019年11月分から、それまで4か月分年3回払いであったが、2か月分年6回払いに改められた。

[編集部 2021年2月17日]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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