For Christians, the second part of the Bible is a canonical text along with the first part, called the Old Testament. It consists of 27 books and is a testimony of faith about the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ and the development of the early church. The name New Testament comes from the term "new covenant" (Mark 14:24). It states that the covenant of salvation given by God through Moses, that is, the Old Testament, was broken by the people's failure to fulfill the obligations of the law, but a new covenant was established between God and all mankind through Jesus' suffering on the cross. The term novum testamentum has been established as a technical term since Tertullian. Although the original New Testament no longer exists, its oldest basic material is 72 papyrus manuscripts (only fragments, 2nd-3rd century) that provide valuable evidence of the text, and good parchment manuscripts dating back to the 4th century have been preserved. Other sources of information include ancient translations of the Bible (Italic, Vulgate, Syriac, Coptic) and quotations from the New Testament in the writings of the Church Fathers. The books of the New Testament are: (1) the four Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, and the five narrative accounts of Acts; (2) the thirteen Pauline epistles, including Romans, Corinthians (I and II), Hebrews, James, Peter (I-III), John (I-III), and Jude; and (3) the Book of Revelation. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
キリスト教徒にとって聖書の第2部,旧約と呼ばれる第1部と並ぶ正典。内容は 27の書から成り,イエス・キリストの生涯と死と復活および初代教会の発展についての信仰証言となっている。新約の名は「新しき契約」 (マルコ福音書 14・24) という語に由来する。神がモーセを通して与えた救いの契約すなわち旧約は民の律法の義務の不履行によって破られたが,十字架上のイエスの受難を通して,神と人類すべての間に新しい契約が結ばれたとする。 novum testamentumという語はテルトゥリアヌス以来術語として定着した。新約聖書の原本は残っていないが,その最古の基礎資料として 72のパピルス写本 (断片のみ,2~3世紀) があり,テキストの貴重な証拠となっているほか,4世紀にさかのぼる良好な羊皮紙写本が保存されている。写本以外の資料としては,聖書の古代訳 (イタラ,ウルガタ,シリア語訳,コプト語訳) と教父たちの著作に散見される新約聖書の引用文がある。新約聖書の各書は,(1) マタイ,マルコ,ルカ,ヨハネによる4福音書および使徒行伝の5つの叙述的な記録,(2) ローマ人,コリント人への手紙 (I,II) などを含む 13のパウロの手紙,ヘブル人への手紙,ヤコブ,ペテロ (I~III) ,ヨハネ (I~III) ,ユダの公同書簡,(3) ヨハネの黙示録である。
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