…(4) Tombs (qubba, gunbad, türbe, mashhad): These are broadly divided into two types: a square tomb chamber with a dome or conical roof, and a high tower with a cylindrical or polygonal plan. (5) Palaces (qaṣr, sarāy): The basic unit is a courtyard with a pond or fountain in the center, with public and private rooms arranged around it, and there are many examples of these being combined in various ways. (6) Fortresses (qaṣaba, qal'a): The early types follow the style of the frontier forts of ancient Rome. … From 【Castle】…The city walls were circular and triple-layered, the outer wall was about 2.5 km in diameter, surrounded by a moat, and the building materials were mainly sun-dried bricks. The Arabic word qaṣr is said to have originally been the Latin castrum, and is usually translated as palace, but many of them were constructed to serve as fortresses in times of emergency. The former royal palace of Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, was also often used as a fortress, and there was also a wall surrounding the city. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "qaṣr" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…(4)墓廟(クッバqubba,グンバドgunbad,テュルベtürbe,マシュハドmashhad) 方形の墓室にドームや円錐形の屋根を架けたタイプと,円筒形ないし多角形プランの高塔の形式をとるタイプに大別される。(5)宮殿(カスルqaṣr,サライsarāy) 中央に池や噴水などを設けた中庭の周囲に公私の居室を配置したものを基本的単位として,これを多様に組み合わせた例が多い。(6)城砦(カサバqaṣaba,カルアqal‘a) 初期のタイプは,古代ローマの辺境の砦の形式を踏襲している。… 【城】より…城壁は正円形で三重,外城の直径は約2.5km,外城の周囲には堀をめぐらし,建築材料はおもに日乾煉瓦であった。アラビア語カスルqaṣrは,もとはラテン語のcastrumであるといわれ,ふつうは宮殿と訳されているが,非常時には城塞として役だつような構造のものが多かった。サウジアラビアの首都リヤードの以前の王宮なども,しばしば要塞として役だった例があり,その外にこの都をめぐる城壁もあったのである。… ※「qaṣr」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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