Astrakhan' (English spelling)

Japanese: アストラハン(英語表記)Astrakhan'
Astrakhan' (English spelling)
Astrakhan is the capital of the Astrakhan Oblast in southwestern Russia. It is a river port city in the delta at the mouth of the Volga River, occupying both banks and an island on the Volga River about 100 km upstream from the mouth. The origins of the city are unclear, but it became the capital of the Astrakhan Khanate around 1460, and was located on the right bank of the Volga River about 10 km upstream from its current location. It was annexed by Russia in 1556, and moved to its current location in 1558. From the 16th to 19th centuries, it prospered as a trading center between Russia and Central Asia, the Caucasus, India, and other regions. The name "astrakhan" comes from the fact that the fur of the Karakul lamb, a Central Asian breed, was first brought to Russia by merchants from the city. Currently, the city's industries include fishery processing such as caviar, ship repair, leather and shoemaking, wood processing, food (meat, dairy products, confectionery), and cardboard. It has a well-developed fishing port and commercial port, and is a cargo transfer point from the Caspian Sea to the Volga River, but because the waters of the northern Caspian Sea are shallow, the channel has been dredged and an anchorage established about 100 km offshore from the mouth of the river, where cargo is transferred to river vessels. The city is popular with tourists as it is home to the 16th century Kremlin (fortress) and the 18th century Cathedrals of Dormition and Troitsky. There are universities of fisheries, medicine, education, etc., a local museum, and a television station. It is connected to Volgograd by rail and highway, and has an airport. Population 520,662 (2010).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
ロシア南西部,アストラハン州の州都。ボルガ川河口の三角州にある河港都市で,河口から約 100km上流のボルガ川の両岸と中州を占める。市の起源は明らかでないが,1460年頃からアストラハン・ハン国の首都となり,現在位置より約 10km上流のボルガ右岸に位置していた。 1556年ロシアに併合され,58年現在の地に移動。 16~19世紀にはロシアと中央アジア,カフカス,インドなどとの交易の中心地として繁栄。「アストラカン」の名で知られる中央アジア産のカラクール種の子ヒツジの毛皮は,市の商人によって初めてロシアにもたらされたことからその名が由来。現在,キャビアなどの水産加工,船舶修理,皮革・製靴,木材加工,食品 (食肉,乳製品,製菓) ,段ボールなどの工業がある。よく整備された漁港,商港があり,カスピ海からボルガ川への貨物積替え地点となっているが,カスピ海北部の水深が浅いため水路を浚渫して,河口から約 100km沖合いに泊地を設け,そこで河航船への積替えが行われる。市内には 16世紀のクレムリン (城砦) ,18世紀のウスペンスキー,トロイツキー両聖堂などが保存され,観光客が多い。水産,医学,教育などの大学,郷土博物館,テレビ局などがある。ボルゴグラードと鉄道,ハイウェーで結ばれ,空港もある。人口 52万662(2010)。

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