Staff

In this period, the conservatives who remained in the business world, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and the army were removed from important posts, and the domestic order based on the Nazi Party leadership's vision of international expansion was basically implemented. In addition, the Schutzstaffeln (abbreviated as SS), which had risen to power after the Röhm incident and replaced the SA, came to head under Heinrich Himmler (1900-1945), and took control of the State Secret Police (Gestapo) and the concentration camps. With the addition of ethnic courts, the rule of law was decisively distorted, creating the "SS state." Externally, Germany achieved the Union of Germany and Austria in March 1938, the Munich Conference in September of the same year, and by March of the following year, the seizure of the Sudetenland and the dissolution of Czechoslovakia. In August 1939, the shocking German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact was concluded, ensuring security in the East. In September of the same year, Germany invaded Poland, provoking declarations of war against Germany by Britain and France, thus starting the Second World War.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Schutzstaffeln" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…この時期には内政面では，財界，外務省，陸軍に残る保守派が重要ポストから排除され，ナチ党指導部の対外進出の構想に基づいた国内秩序の方向づけが基本的に貫徹する。また，レーム事件以来突撃隊に代わって台頭して来た親衛隊Schutzstaffeln(SSと略す)がヒムラーHeinrich Himmler(1900‐45)を頂点にして，国家秘密警察(ゲシュタポ)と強制収容所を管理し，民族裁判所も加わって法治主義が決定的にゆがめられる〈親衛隊国家〉が登場する。対外的には，38年3月の独墺合邦，同9月のミュンヘン会談を経て翌39年3月にかけてズデーテン地方の奪取とチェコスロバキアの解体，そして39年8月には，衝撃的な独ソ不可侵条約を成立させて東方の安全を確保したうえで，同9月，ポーランドに進入して，英仏両国の対独宣戦布告をひきだし，第2次世界大戦の口火を切る。…

※「Schutzstaffeln」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報