Secret Pact of Russo-Chinese Alliance (English: Lu-Qing tong-meng mi-yue; Lu-Ch`ing tung-mêng mi-yüeh)

Japanese: 露清同盟密約 - ろしんどうめいみつやく（英語表記）Lu-Qing tong-meng mi-yue; Lu-Ch`ing tung-mêng mi-yüeh

It is also called the Russo-Chinese Secret Agreement or the Li Hongzhang-Lovanov Agreement. It is a secret agreement concluded in Moscow in 1896 (the 22nd year of the Guangxu era of the Qing Dynasty) between Russia and the Qing Dynasty of China. The Qing Dynasty representative was Li Hongzhang, and the Russian representatives were Foreign Minister A. Lobanov-Rostovsky and Finance Minister S. Witte. With the intention of extending the Trans-Siberian Railway to Manchuria, Russia extorted Li Hongzhang to sign the treaty as compensation for the favor it had shown to the Qing during the Triple Intervention against Japan in 1895, and succeeded in concluding the treaty. The contents of the treaty included (1) joint defense in the event of Japanese invasion of Manchuria, Korea, and Russia, (2) opening Chinese ports to the Russian Navy in wartime, and (3) granting Russia the right to build a railway across northern Manchuria to Vladivostok for the transportation of troops, which marked the beginning of Russia's advance into Manchuria. However, during the Russo-Japanese War, the Qing Dynasty adopted a neutral stance due to Russia's blatant invasion of Manchuria.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

露清密約，李鴻章＝ロバノフ協定ともいう。 1896年 (清，光緒 22年) モスクワでロシア，中国清朝間に結ばれた秘密協定。清朝代表李鴻章，ロシア代表 A.ロバノフ＝ロストフスキー外相，S.ウィッテ蔵相。ロシアはシベリア鉄道を満州に延長する意図から，95年日本に対する三国干渉で清に恩を売ったことの代償として，李鴻章に強請し，条約締結に成功した。条約の内容は，(1) 日本の満州，朝鮮，ロシアへの侵略の際における共同防衛，(2) 戦時，中国港湾をロシア海軍に開放，(3) 兵員輸送のため，北満州を横断してウラジオストクにいたる鉄道敷設権をロシアに与えるなどの内容で，ロシアの満州進出の端をつくった。しかし日露戦争中は，ロシアの露骨な満州侵略が行われたため，清国は中立の態度をとった。

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