…Originally the issue of passports was the prerogative of the king, but from the 12th and 13th centuries it came under the control of feudal lords. In addition, the letter of protection (Schutzbrief), issued by the king or feudal lord to certain groups such as foreign merchants or pagans, also played the role of a passport. As the king gained superiority over the feudal lords with the support of the merchant bourgeoisie, the safety of travel in foreign countries came to be guaranteed by treaties between nations. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Schutzbrief" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…その発給は元来は国王大権に属していたが,12~13世紀ころからは領主が掌握した。このほかに,国王や領主が外国商人や異教徒などの特定集団に交付した保護状シュッツブリーフSchutzbriefも旅券の役割を果たした。商人ブルジョアジーの後押しによって国王が領主に対し優位に立つようになると,外国における旅の安全は国家間の条約によって保障されるようになる。… ※「Schutzbrief」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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