Othello (English spelling)

Japanese: オセロ（英語表記）Othello

A board game invented in Japan. Othello is a trademark. Inspired by the game of Go, in which players capture their opponent's stones by surrounding them, the game was designed to use black and white stones, and players must capture the opponent's stones by trapping them. On a green board divided into 64 squares in 8 rows and 8 columns, two players play as black and white, using 64 round stones with black and white stones on both sides. First, two players place black and white stones in the center, crossing each other diagonally. Next, the black player takes the lead and traps the opponent's stones vertically, horizontally, or diagonally, and the player advances the game by flipping the trapped stones over to their own color. If they cannot trap the opponent's stones, they pass. The game ends when all the stones have been placed on the board, or when no more stones can be trapped by the opponent, and the color with the most stones wins. The name comes from Othello, one of the four great tragedies by the English playwright William Shakespeare. The Japan Othello Federation was founded in 1973, and the first All-Japan Othello Championship was held in the same year. The World Othello Federation was then founded, and the first Othello World Championship was held in Japan in 1977.

Othello
Othello

One of the four great tragedies by the English playwright William Shakespeare. Five acts, eleven scenes. The earliest recorded performance was at the Royal Court on November 1, 1604. The first edition was a quarto in 1622. It is based on Ecatommiti (1565) by the Italian Giambattista Girardi (known as Cinzio). Othello, a Moorish general employed by the Duke of Venice, is tricked by the wicked standard-bearer Iago into a conspiracy, and suspects his faithful wife Desdemona of an affair with his lieutenant, Cassio. In a fit of jealousy, he suffocates her, but when he learns the truth, he commits suicide. The handkerchief he gave to his wife is an important prop. TS Eliot discussed Othello's last words before his suicide as an example of "self-dramatization," and many other essays have been written about this work since ancient times, including Samuel Taylor Coleridge's theory of tragedy and AC Bradley's theory of Iago's character.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

日本で考案された盤上ゲーム。オセロは商標。相手の石を囲んでとる碁をヒントに，黒と白の石を使って，相手の石を挟んだらとる，というルールが発案された。縦横8列，64の枡目に区分された緑色の盤上で，表裏が黒と白の 64個の丸い石を使って競技者2人が黒と白に分かれて勝負する。中央にまず，白と黒の石が斜めに交差するように2個ずつ置く。続いて黒から先に，相手の石を縦横，斜めいずれかで挟み，挟んだ相手の石を裏返して自分の色に変えながらゲームを進める。相手の石を挟めないときはパスをする。盤上にすべての石を並べ終えたか，相手の石を挟めなくなったら終了し，石の数が多い色が勝ちとなる。名称はイギリスの劇作家ウィリアム・シェークスピアの四大悲劇オセロに由来。 1973年には日本オセロ連盟が設立され，同年に第1回全日本オセロ選手権大会が開催された。その後世界オセロ連盟も設立され，1977年第1回オセロ世界選手権大会が日本で開催された。

オセロ
Othello

イギリスの劇作家ウィリアム・シェークスピアの四大悲劇の一つ。5幕 11場。1604年11月1日の宮廷での上演が最も古い上演記録。初版は 1622年の四つ折本（クォート）。イタリアのジャンバッティスタ・ジラルディ（通称チンツィオ）作『エカトンミティ』Ecatommiti（1565）から取材している。ベネチア公国に雇われたムーア人の将軍オセロは奸悪な旗手イアーゴーの陰謀に乗せられて，貞淑な妻デズデモーナと副官キャシオーとの仲を疑い，嫉妬に狂って彼女を窒息死させるが，真相を知らされて自殺を遂げる。彼が妻に与えたハンカチが重要な小道具となっている。T.S.エリオットはオセロの自殺直前のせりふを「自己劇化」の見本として論じているが，古くからサミュエル・テーラー・コールリッジの悲劇論や A.C.ブラッドリーのイアーゴーの性格論など，この作品に関しては多くの論述が残されている。

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