Allopatry

Japanese: 異所性 - いしょせい（英語表記）allopatry

This term was defined by E. Mayr in 1942 when he proposed the evolutionary law that "the process of spatial population isolation is essential for the differentiation of species." It is the opposite of sympatry. It is defined as "the state in which two or more species or subspecies are distributed without overlapping breeding grounds." In the case of islands, this can be explained as simply geographically isolated distribution, but even if they are distributed within the same geographic area (geographic sympatry), ecologically, two adjacent individuals or populations of species often "live separately" environmentally (high and low places, forests and grasslands, etc.), socially (when the expansion of their distribution is restricted by the presence of other species), and temporally (when breeding seasons are different) (ecological allopatric).

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

マイヤーE.Mayrが，〈種の分化には場所的な個体群隔離の過程が不可欠である〉という進化的法則の提唱(1942)の中で定義した語で，同所性の対語。〈二つ以上の種または亜種が繁殖の場を重複せずに分布する状態〉と定義される。島の場合などは単なる地理的隔離分布として説明できるが，同じ地理的地域内に分布していても(地理的同所性)，生態的には隣接する2種の個体や個体群が，環境的(高い所と低い所，林と草地など)･社会的(他種がいるために分布の拡大が抑えられている場合)･時間的(繁殖する季節が異なる場合)に〈すみわけ〉ていることが多い(生態的異所性)。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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