Gaslight - Gastou

Japanese: ガス灯 - がすとう
Gaslight - Gastou

A light that uses the light emitted by burning gas. It was put into practical use by the Englishman William Murdoch in 1798. Gas lighting was then launched in London in 1812 and in Paris in 1819, and gas lighting spread to major cities around the world. In Japan, gas lighting was first used between Bashamichi Hondori and Oebashi in Yokohama in 1872 (Meiji 5), designed and supervised by the Frenchman Henri Plegrand. In Tokyo, a gas generator was established in Hamasakicho in 1874, and gas street lights were lit between Kyobashi and Kanasugibashi. A lamplighter would light the lights in the evening and turn them off the next morning. Demand for gas lighting in ordinary households gradually increased from around 1897, but users were limited to a small number of upper-class households, and even then they were used in combination with electric lights and oil lamps. During this time, improvements were made to the light quality, such as the use of incandescent mantles, but gas lighting could not compete with electric lights, and eventually fell out of use.

[Mami Yamauchi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ガスの燃焼で発する光を利用する灯火。1798年にイギリス人ウィリアム・マードックによって実用化された。その後1812年にロンドンで、19年にはパリでガス事業が開始され、世界の大都市にガス灯が普及していった。日本では1872年(明治5)にフランス人アンリ・プレグランの設計・監督により、横浜の馬車道本通り―大江橋間で初めて使用され、東京では74年に浜崎町にガス発生所が設けられて京橋―金杉橋間にガス街灯が点火された。夕刻、点灯夫が点火して回り、翌朝また消灯に回った。屋内灯としては、97年ごろから一般家庭の需要も漸増したが、使用者は上流家庭の一部に限られ、それも電灯や石油ランプとの混用であった。この間白熱マントルの使用など光質の改良も行われたが、灯火としては電灯に対抗できず、やがて廃れた。

[山内まみ]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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