Sturmabteilung

Japanese: Sturmabteilung
Sturmabteilung

...Initially a coalition government with conservatives such as National People's Party members (there were only three Nazis, including Hitler), Hitler's cabinet became almost entirely made up of Nazis, and so the Nazi Party's sole rule was established. Tensions then arose over the conflict between the leadership of the Sturmabteilung (abbreviated as SA), the Nazi Party's operatives, and the traditional Wehrmacht leadership, but at the end of June 1934 Hitler purged dissatisfied elements, including Sturmabteilung chief of staff Röhm (the so-called Röhm Affair), secured the support of the Wehrmacht, and took the death of President Hindenburg as an opportunity to become Führer/Generalissimo. Diplomatically, during this time Germany withdrew from the League of Nations (October 1933), but focused on strengthening its military domestically and refrained from active foreign action. ...

From [Nazis]

…For example, Hitler himself gave speeches at five venues in Munich on November 30, 1922, and at ten venues on December 13, and worked energetically to generate support for the Nazis among the audience. On the other hand, he formed the Sturmabteilung (SA) in November 1921, and the SA, wearing brown uniforms, put up posters and leaflets in the streets, held demonstrations in Munich, and "marched" to other cities to hold demonstrations and fight with left-wing forces (October 1922, Coburg), in an effort to attract the attention of the masses. In April 1920, the Nazi movement expanded outside of Munich, with the first branch established in Rosenheim, and in July of the following year, the movement crossed the Bavarian border and a branch was established in Hanover. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Sturmabteilung" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…最初は国家人民党員ら保守派との連立政権(ナチ党員はヒトラーを含め3人のみ)だったヒトラー内閣もほぼナチ党員一色となり,ナチ党(ナチス)一党支配が確立される。その後,ナチ党の行動組織であった突撃隊Sturmabteilung(SAと略称)の指導部と伝統主義的な国防軍首脳部との対立を焦点に緊張が発生するが,ヒトラーは34年6月末,突撃隊参謀長レームを中心とする不満分子を粛清(いわゆるレーム事件)して国防軍の支持を確保し,大統領ヒンデンブルクの死を機会に総統=大元帥となる。外交的には,この間,国際連盟を脱退(1933年10月)するものの,国内での軍備強化に専念し,積極的対外行動は控える。…

【ナチス】より

…ヒトラー個人を例にとれば,ミュンヘン市内において22年11月30日に5ヵ所の会場で,12月13日には10ヵ所の会場で演説を行い,聴衆の間にナチスへの支持をつくりだすために精力的に活動。他方で21年11月に突撃隊Sturmabteilung(SA)を結成,褐色の制服を着用する突撃隊による街頭でのポスターはり,ビラまき,ミュンヘン市中での示威行進,また他の都市に〈進軍〉して示威行進や左翼勢力との乱闘(22年10月,コーブルク市)を通じて,大衆の注目を引くことに努めた。 20年4月ナチスの運動はミュンヘン市外に拡大し,ローゼンハイムに最初の支部が設立され,翌年7月には運動はバイエルンの境を越え,ハノーファーに支部が結成された。…

※「Sturmabteilung」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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