Detached palace - Rikyu

A general term for palaces of the imperial family established outside the Imperial Palace. Semi-permanent facilities built mainly for the entertainment of the emperor and retired emperors. Yoshino Palace is known from early on, but it was not until the Heian period that they began to attract attention. Emperor Saga's Saga-in Palace, which was the first example of an emperor's villa, and Emperor Junna's Murasaki-in Palace (later known as Unrin-in Palace) were located close to Heian-kyo, while Kayanomiya Palace in Yamasaki was a little further away. All of these were villas built in the early Heian period, but in the late Heian period, or the period of cloistered rule, imperial palaces that occupied vast areas and attracted many residents appeared. The most notable example is Toba Imperial Villa, which Emperor Shirakawa built in the southern part of Kyoto as a secondary villa before abdicating. In later periods, Katsura Imperial Villa and Shugakuin Imperial Villa became well known, as well as Akasaka Imperial Villa, Hama Imperial Villa, and Shiba Imperial Villa, which were converted from Edo domain residences.

[Oboroya Hisashi]

"Study of Inka Architecture by Shinzo Sugiyama (1981, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

皇居以外に設けられた皇室の宮殿の総称。主として天皇・上皇たちの遊興を目的に造られた半ば恒久的な施設。早くには吉野宮が知られるが、注目されるのは平安時代になってからである。天皇の別業(べつぎょう)（別荘）の初例となった嵯峨天皇の嵯峨院、淳和天皇(じゅんなてんのう)の紫野院(むらさきのいん)（のちの雲林院(うりんいん)）などは平安京から至近のところにあったが、すこし離れたものとしては山崎(やまさき)の河陽宮(かやのみや)などがある。これらはいずれも平安初期の離宮であるが、平安後期つまり院政期に入ると広大な敷地を占め、多くの居住者を呼び込む院御所(いんのごしょ)が登場する。白河天皇が譲位を控えて洛南の地に後院(ごいん)として造営した鳥羽離宮はその最たるものである。時代が下ると桂離宮、修学院離宮(しゅがくいんりきゅう)が知られ、そのほか江戸藩邸から転じた赤坂離宮・浜離宮・芝離宮などがある。

［朧谷　寿］

『杉山信三著『院家建築の研究』（1981・吉川弘文館）』

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