Born: November 18, 1939. New York, New York. Neuroscientist in the United States and the United Kingdom. Full name John Michael O'Keefe. Received his bachelor's degree from the City University of New York in 1963 and his doctorate from McGill University in Canada in 1967. In 1967, he moved to University College London as a postdoctoral fellow at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and became a professor in 1987. He later served as director of the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neurocircuitry and Behaviour at the University College London. He had been studying animal behaviour and neural activity since the late 1960s, but after moving to University College London, he began to insert microelectrodes into the hippocampus of rats to investigate the relationship between neural activity and behaviour. In 1971, he noticed that when a rat was moving freely in a box, some neurons (nerve cells) were activated when it came to a certain place, and he named these "place cells". By observing the activity of several place cells, it is possible to determine the rat's location. In 2014, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with May-Britt Moser and Eduard I. Moser for their discovery of the cells that make up the brain's spatial location system. O'Keeffe |
[生]1939.11.18. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク アメリカ合衆国,イギリスの神経科学者。フルネーム John Michael O'Keefe。1963年ニューヨーク市立大学で学士号,1967年カナダのマギル大学で博士号を取得。同 1967年,アメリカの国立精神衛生研究所 NIMHの博士研究員としてロンドン大学ユニバーシティ・カレッジに移り,1987年に教授となる。その後,同大学セインズベリー・ウェルカム神経回路・行動研究センター所長も務める。1960年代後半から動物の行動と神経活動について調べていたが,ロンドン大学に移ったのを機に,ラットの海馬に微小電極を刺し,神経活動と行動の関係を調べる実験を始めた。1971年,ラットが箱の中で自由に活動しているとき,ある特定の場所に来ると活動するニューロン(神経細胞)があることに気づき,これらを「場所細胞」と名づけた。いくつもの場所細胞の活動を見れば,ラットの位置を判別できる。2014年,脳内で空間の位置認識システムを構成する細胞を発見した功績により,マイ=ブリット・モーザー,エドワルド・I.モーザー夫妻とともにノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞した。 オキーフ
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