O'Keefe, John

Japanese: オキーフ(英語表記)O'Keefe, John
O'Keefe, John
Born: November 18, 1939. New York, New York. Neuroscientist in the United States and the United Kingdom. Full name John Michael O'Keefe. Received his bachelor's degree from the City University of New York in 1963 and his doctorate from McGill University in Canada in 1967. In 1967, he moved to University College London as a postdoctoral fellow at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), and became a professor in 1987. He later served as director of the Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neurocircuitry and Behaviour at the University College London. He had been studying animal behaviour and neural activity since the late 1960s, but after moving to University College London, he began to insert microelectrodes into the hippocampus of rats to investigate the relationship between neural activity and behaviour. In 1971, he noticed that when a rat was moving freely in a box, some neurons (nerve cells) were activated when it came to a certain place, and he named these "place cells". By observing the activity of several place cells, it is possible to determine the rat's location. In 2014, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine along with May-Britt Moser and Eduard I. Moser for their discovery of the cells that make up the brain's spatial location system.

O'Keeffe
O'Keeffe, Georgia

Born November 15, 1887, near Sun Prairie, Wisconsin
[Died] March 6, 1986. Santa Fe, New Mexico. American female painter. Studied at the Art Institute of Chicago (→ Art Institute of Chicago) and the Art Students League in New York. From 1916, she taught in Texas and New York for several years. During that time, she exhibited abstract paintings at the gallery "291" of photographer Alfred Stieglitz, who became her patron. She married Stieglitz in 1924. From this time on, she began to develop fantastical worlds in simple and clear paintings, and achieved success with a series of works featuring flowers, such as "Black Iris" (1926). From around 1929, she mainly lived and continued to paint in New Mexico. She is famous for her series of paintings of animal skulls against the backdrop of desolate landscapes.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1939.11.18. ニューヨーク,ニューヨーク
アメリカ合衆国,イギリスの神経科学者。フルネーム John Michael O'Keefe。1963年ニューヨーク市立大学で学士号,1967年カナダのマギル大学で博士号を取得。同 1967年,アメリカの国立精神衛生研究所 NIMHの博士研究員としてロンドン大学ユニバーシティ・カレッジに移り,1987年に教授となる。その後,同大学セインズベリー・ウェルカム神経回路・行動研究センター所長も務める。1960年代後半から動物の行動と神経活動について調べていたが,ロンドン大学に移ったのを機に,ラットの海馬に微小電極を刺し,神経活動と行動の関係を調べる実験を始めた。1971年,ラットが箱の中で自由に活動しているとき,ある特定の場所に来ると活動するニューロン(神経細胞)があることに気づき,これらを「場所細胞」と名づけた。いくつもの場所細胞の活動を見れば,ラットの位置を判別できる。2014年,脳内で空間の位置認識システムを構成する細胞を発見した功績により,マイ=ブリット・モーザー,エドワルド・I.モーザー夫妻とともにノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞した。

オキーフ
O'Keeffe, Georgia

[生]1887.11.15. ウィスコンシン,サンプレーリー近郊
[没]1986.3.6. ニューメキシコ,サンタフェ
アメリカ合衆国の女性画家。シカゴ美術研究所(→シカゴ美術館),ニューヨークのアート・スチューデンツ・リーグに学ぶ。1916年から数年間,テキサスとニューヨークで教職につく。その間,写真家で彼女の支援者となったアルフレッド・スティーグリッツの画廊「291」で抽象絵画を発表。1924年スティーグリッツと結婚。この頃から単純明快な画面に幻想的世界を展開し,『ブラック・アイリス』(1926)など,花を題材とした一連の作品で成功。1929年頃からおもにニューメキシコに住み,制作を続けた。荒涼とした風景を背景に動物の頭蓋骨を描いた連作は有名。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Okefenokee Swamp - Okefenokee Swamp

>>:  Okinotorishima Island

Recommend

Aoyama Sugisaku

Director and actor. Born in Shiun-ji Temple (now ...

Malacostraca

…A general term for arthropods belonging to the s...

Optophone

…After 1918, he turned to the Dada movement and e...

Kush

...Kings and queens were buried near Napata, and ...

Simple interest - Tanri (English spelling)

A method of calculating interest, as opposed to c...

larch

...It has local names such as Fujimatsu (illustra...

mimos

...The later classification of comedy of characte...

Gigeiten

A Buddhist deity. A celestial maiden born from th...

Wölfflin, Heinrich

Born: June 21, 1864, Winterthur Died: July 19, 194...

tympanal organ

…A type of insect mechanoreceptor, a collection o...

Assured Destruction Strategy

A nuclear strategy proposed by US Secretary of Def...

Thermotropic liquid crystal

...In contrast, the molecules that make up liquid...

Lozère (English spelling)

…Total length is about 375 km. It originates at L...

Ur - Ur (English spelling)

A city in southern Mesopotamia. The ruins are loc...

Pirate Ban Law

...As shown by the fact that Macau was ceded to P...