Sumerians - Sumer (English spelling)

Japanese: シュメール人 - シュメールじん（英語表記）Sumer

The inhabitants of the southern Sumer region who gave birth to the Mesopotamian civilization. The origin of the language, also known as Sumerians, is unknown. From around 3000 BC, an early dynastic period of independent city-states emerged. The king also served as the highest priest. Among these city-states, Uruk-Ur (the First Dynasty of Ur) held hegemony, and eventually Lagash rose to power. Around 2350 BC, the Akkadians invaded and came under their rule. As the Akkadian dynasty declined, Sumer was restored, and the Third Dynasty of Ur (c. 2113 BC - c. 2006 BC) unified Mesopotamia. From around 2000 BC, they declined under the invasion of the Elamites and Amorites, and became Semitic and disappeared. Culturally, cuneiform writing, flood control technology, metal culture, religion, and social structure were passed down to later peoples.

Source: Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition About Obunsha World History Dictionary, Third Edition

Japanese:

メソポタミア文明を生んだ南部のシュメール地方の住民。スメル人ともいう
言語の系統は不明。前3000年ごろから，独立した都市国家群による初期王朝時代を現出。国王は最高神官を兼ねた。これらの都市国家の中からウルク・ウル（ウル第１王朝）が覇権を握り，やがてラガシュが台頭した。前2350年ごろ，アッカド人が侵入してその統治を受けた。アッカド朝が衰えるとシュメールが復興，ウル第３王朝（前2113 (ごろ) 〜前2006 (ごろ) ）がメソポタミアを統一した。前2000年ごろからエラム人・アムル人の侵入を受け衰退，セム化されて消滅。文化的には，楔形 (くさびがた) 文字・治水技術・金属文化・宗教・社会形態などがのちの民族に伝えられた。

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