…Since ancient Greece, there have been four famous types of temperament: sanguine, choleric, black bile, and phlegmatic. The idea of ancient Greek medicine, beginning with Hippocrates, was that the ratio of the mixture of bodily fluids determines a person's temperament. Incidentally, the word temperament comes from the Latin temperamentum, which means "the right mixture (of fluids)." Personality is formed under social conditions based on these temperaments, but this is not simply a process of acquiring the abilities and characteristics to adapt to the roles expected of society. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "temperamentum" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…古代ギリシア以来,有名な〈多血質〉〈胆汁質〉〈黒胆汁質〉〈粘液質〉という気質の4類型があるが,そこには体液の混合の割合がその人の気質を決定するというヒッポクラテスに始まる古代ギリシア医学の考え方があった。ちなみに,temperamentという語は,〈(液汁の)適正な混合〉を意味するラテン語のtemperamentumに由来している。人格はこうした気質を基底として,社会的諸条件のなかで形成されるのであるが,それはたんに社会が期待する役割に適応できる能力や特性を身につけてゆく過程であるだけではない。… ※「temperamentum」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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