Theodoros (abbot)

Japanese: Theodōros（修道院長）（英語表記）Theodoros

…Of course, the relevant provisions of the New Decrees (Novelae) in the Justinian Code also played a major role in characterizing the monasteries of the Byzantine Empire. However, it is said that the period of iconoclasm was when monasteries in the East were at their most vibrant, so the persecution of monasteries in the latter half of the 8th century and the resistance of monks against it, especially the activities of Theodoros (759-826), the abbot of the Studios Monastery in Constantinople, who played a leading role in this resistance, and the monastic reforms he carried out, became the source of the revival of Eastern monasticism. However, a major difference from Western monasteries is that the work of Eastern monks was limited to what could be done within the monastery, but painting, decorative illustrations, and copying occupied important positions. …

From Studios Monastery

…According to tradition, it was founded in 463 by the consul Studios. It was closed due to persecution during the Iconoclasm era, but was reopened by Theodoros (759-826), who became abbot in 799, and became a base for icon advocates. Theodoros reformed the monastery by introducing the monastic rules of Basil the Great, a Cappadocian Father, and made the monastery the embodiment of the ideals of monastic life in the East. …

*The following is a partial explanation of the term "Theodōros" (abbot).

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…もちろん〈ユスティニアヌス法典〉の〈新勅令(ノウェラエ)〉の関係条文もビザンティン帝国の修道院を性格づけるのに大きな役割を果たした。しかし東方で修道院が最も精彩ある姿を示すのはイコノクラスムの時代であったといわれるから，8世紀後半期における修道院への迫害とそれに対する修道士の抵抗，特にこの抵抗運動で主役を演ずるコンスタンティノープルのストゥディオス修道院の院長テオドロスTheodōros(759‐826)の活動と彼が行った修道院改革とは東方修道制の再生の泉となった。もっとも，東方の修道士の仕事が多く修道院内でできるものに限定された点は西欧の修道院との大きな違いであるが，そのなかでは絵画，装飾挿画，写字が重要な地位を占めた。…

【ストゥディオス修道院】より

…伝承によれば，コンスルを務めたストゥディオスStoudiosによって463年に開かれたという。イコノクラスムの時代に迫害で閉鎖されたが，799年に修道院長になったテオドロスTheodōros(759‐826)が再興，イコン擁護派の拠点となった。テオドロスはカッパドキア教父大バシレイオスの修道規則を新たに導入して修道院改革をはかり，この修道院を東方における修道生活の理念を体現するものにしたてた。…

※「Theodōros（修道院長）」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

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