Mu`tazilah - Mu`tazilah is (English spelling) al-Mu`tazilah

Japanese: ムータジラ派 - ムータジラは(英語表記)al-Mu`tazilah
Mu`tazilah - Mu`tazilah is (English spelling) al-Mu`tazilah
The name of an Islamic theological school. Its founder was Wasir ibn Attar (died 748). The name Mu'tazila is said to have been derived from the Arabic word i`tazala, meaning to withdraw or leave, because it took a neutral stance against the opposing Khawarij and Murjia schools. It held that God is the only absolute being and that the Quran is merely a creation of God, so it was in direct conflict with the orthodox theory that regarded the Quran as absolute. In the 9th century, it developed into a rational speculative theology by introducing the logic of Greek philosophy, and was officially recognized by the seventh Abbasid caliph, Ma'mun. In 833, the Mihna, an inquisitorial body, was established and opposing judges were expelled from public office. In 848, the tenth caliph, Mutawakkil, abolished the Mihna and revoked the official recognition of the Mu'tazila school, but its influence continued to flourish. In the 10th century, when Ash'ari (873-935) and others incorporated the logic of Greek speculative philosophy into orthodox theology, the Mu'tazilites rapidly declined.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
イスラムの神学派の名称。始祖はワーシル・イブン・アター (748没) 。ムータジラという名称は,対立するハワーリジ派とムルジア派に対して中立の立場をとったことから,身をひく,離れ去るを意味するアラビア語i`tazalaからつけられたといわれる。「神」だけが「唯一絶対」であり,コーランも「神」による被造物にすぎないとしたため,コーランを絶対視する正統派の学説とは真向から対立した。9世紀に入ってギリシア哲学の論理を導入して合理的思弁神学として発展,アッバース朝の第7代カリフのマームーンによって公認され,833年審問機関ミフナが設立されて反対派の裁判官は公職から追放された。 848年第 10代カリフのムタワッキルによってミフナは廃止され,ムータジラ派公認は取消されたが,勢力は依然盛んであった。 10世紀に入り,アシュアリー (873~935) らによって正統派神学にもギリシア思弁哲学の論理が取入れられると,ムータジラ派は急速に衰えた。

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