Wall structure - kabekozo (English spelling) bearing wall structure

Japanese: 壁構造 - かべこうぞう(英語表記)bearing wall structure
Wall structure - kabekozo (English spelling) bearing wall structure

Masonry and reinforced concrete walls can not only support vertical loads, but also have strong resistance to external forces acting along the perimeter of the wall. Therefore, by joining walls and floor slabs of appropriate size together to form a rectangular box, a strong box-shaped structure can be constructed. Using the same concept, the outer shell of a multi-layered rectangular architectural space can also be constructed. This type of box-like structure with partitions is called a wall structure.

Most modern wall structures are made of reinforced concrete. Those that are constructed on-site as a single unit are called wall-type reinforced concrete structures. There are also wall structures that use concrete blocks or precast concrete panels. In practice, taking into consideration that the outer walls where windows and entrances are installed have low rigidity and strength, and that partition walls also have rigidity and strength, the wall structure is designed so that the wall volume in two horizontal directions (horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the wall) is an amount commensurate with the horizontal force it must support. Although wall structures are not suitable for creating large rooms, they are economically superior for buildings consisting of many small rooms, such as apartment buildings.

[Tsuneyoshi Nakamura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

組積造や鉄筋コンクリートの壁は鉛直荷重を支持できるだけでなく、壁の周辺に沿う方向の外力に対して強い抵抗力をもつ。そこで、適当なサイズの壁と床スラブを直方体の箱をつくるように一体的に接合すると剛強な箱型構造物を構成できる。同じ考えで多層の直方体型建築空間の外郭も構成できる。このような仕切り板付きの箱のような構造を壁構造という。

 現代の壁構造の多くは鉄筋コンクリート構造である。現場で一体的につくられるものを壁式鉄筋コンクリート構造という。このほか、コンクリートブロックや既製コンクリート板を用いる壁構造もある。実際には、窓や出入口が設けられる外周壁は剛性や強度が低いこと、間仕切り用の壁も剛性と強度をもつことを考慮に入れて、壁構造の水平2方向の壁量(壁の水平断面積)が支持すべき水平力に見合った量となるように設計される。壁構造は広大な部屋をつくるのには適さないが、集合住宅など多数の小部屋で構成される建築物用としては経済的に優れている。

[中村恒善]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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