A perennial vine in the Asclepiadaceae family (APG classification: Apocynaceae). The rhizome is thick and spreads horizontally. When the stem or leaf is damaged, a white liquid comes out. The leaves are opposite and egg-shaped, with a heart-shaped base and a sharp, tail-like tip, and the underside is pale green. In July and August, flower stalks much longer than the petioles grow from the leaf axils, and at the end of these stalks form umbels that bear many white flowers. The corolla is five-lobed, the lobes curl back, and the inside is hairy. The fruit is spindle-shaped, and the seeds have long hairs and are scattered by the wind. It grows in fields and forest edges in mountainous areas, and grows in Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, and is also distributed in China. The closely related species, Koikema, does not have curled corolla lobes. Ikema means large root in Ainu. The character ikema (raw horse) is used to refer to this plant, and it is called horse medicine, but this is incorrect. There are approximately 300 species of the genus Asclepias distributed throughout the world from temperate to tropical regions, with four species in Japan. [Hideo Takahashi June 21, 2021] MedicinalThe roots of Ikema and Koikema are called Gohishokon and are sometimes used medicinally as a diuretic, but in China they are called Byakushu and used as a tonic. It was named after the fact that it turns white hair black. The tuberous roots of Amamiikema C. boudieri H.Lév. et Vaniot ( C. auriculatum ) are called Kakusansho and are used in the same way as Gohishokon. [Motoo Nagasawa June 21, 2021] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ガガイモ科(APG分類:キョウチクトウ科)の多年生つる草。根茎は太く横にはう。茎や葉を傷つけると白い液が出る。葉は対生し卵状、基部は心臓形で、先は尾状に鋭くとがり、裏面は淡緑色である。7~8月、葉の腋(わき)から葉柄よりずっと長い花柄を伸ばし、その先に散形花序をつくって、多数の白色花をつける。花冠は5裂し、裂片は反り返り、内面に毛がある。果実は紡錘形で、種子には長い毛があって風で飛散する。山地帯の野原や林縁に生え、北海道、本州、四国、九州に生育し、中国にも分布する。近縁種のコイケマは花冠裂片が反り返らない。イケマはアイヌ語で大きな根の意味である。これに生馬の字をあて、馬の薬というが、誤りである。イケマ属は世界の温帯から熱帯に約300種、日本に4種分布する。 [高橋秀男 2021年6月21日] 薬用イケマおよびコイケマの根を牛皮消根(ごひしょうこん)と称して、利尿剤としてときに薬用に供したが、中国では白首烏(びゃくしゅう)と称し、滋養強壮剤として用いる。白髪が黒変するのでその名がついた。またアマミイケマC. boudieri H.Lév. et Vaniot(C. auriculatum)の塊根を隔山消(かくさんしょう)と称し、牛皮消根と同様に用いる。 [長沢元夫 2021年6月21日] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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