It refers to public interest businesses operated by local governments (prefectures, cities, towns, and villages), including (1) water supply, (2) industrial water supply (excluding simple water supply businesses), (3) railways (e.g., city trams), (4) automobile transportation (e.g., city buses), (5) local railways (e.g., subways), (6) electricity, and (7) gas, as well as hospitals, port development, and housing land development. The scope is wide and tends to expand gradually. Among the above, (1) to (7) are subject to the Local Public Enterprise Law. After World War II, local public enterprises expanded in line with the direction of improving resident welfare, but during the period of high economic growth, there was also lax management, and the accumulated deficit increased dramatically. In order to remedy this, the Local Public Enterprise System Research Council, an advisory body to the Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications, recommended the revision of the law (1966). The law is based on the principle that local public enterprises should promote public welfare, which is their original purpose, while demonstrating economic efficiency. Based on this, it stipulates the structure, finance, personnel management, and labor-management relations of local public enterprises. In particular, regarding the treatment of accumulated deficits, a chapter on financial reconstruction was added at the time of the major revision mentioned above, which stipulates the issuance of financial reconstruction bonds to put aside the accumulated deficits and the government's subsidy of interest on said bonds. [Mitsuo Morimoto] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
地方公共団体(都道府県市町村)が経営する公益的な事業をさし、〔1〕水道、〔2〕工業用水道(簡易水道事業を除く)、〔3〕軌道(例、市電)、〔4〕自動車運送(例、市バス)、〔5〕地方鉄道(例、地下鉄)、〔6〕電気、〔7〕ガス、をはじめ、病院、港湾整備、宅地造成などの各事業を含む。その範囲は広く、しだいに拡大する傾向にある。上記のうち、〔1〕~〔7〕については、地方公営企業法が適用される。第二次世界大戦後、住民福祉の充実の方向に沿って、地方公営事業は拡大していったが、高度成長期には放漫経営もあって、累積赤字が激増した。これを救済するため、自治大臣の諮問機関であった地方公営企業制度調査会の答申に基づき、同法が大幅に改正された(1966)。同法は、地方公営企業が経済性を発揮しながら、本来の目的である公共の福祉を増進することを原則としている。そのうえにたって、地方公営企業の組織、財務、人事管理、労使関係についてあり方を定めている。とくに累積赤字の処理については、前記の大改正時に財政再建の章を設け、累積赤字棚上げのための財政再建債の発行、同債に対する国の利子補給などを定めている。 [森本三男] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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