...However, the majority of the remains date from the 17th century onwards, particularly the 18th and 19th centuries, and the oldest material from before that is the 15th century chintz discovered in Forster, Old Cairo, south of Cairo. The technical distinctive feature of Indian chintz is the combined use of pre-mordant dyeing (drawing a pattern with a mordant before applying the dye) and wax-resistant dyeing, in which the mordant and wax are applied to the fabric with an iron pen called a kalam in the case of hand-painted chintz, and with a wooden mold in the case of stencil chintz. Hand-painting and stencil dyeing may also be used in combination. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "kalam" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…しかし遺品のうえでは17世紀以降,特に18~19世紀のものが多く,それ以前ではカイロ南部オールド・カイロのフォスタートから発見された15世紀前後の更紗類が最も古い資料といえる。インド更紗の技術的な特色は,先媒染法(染料につける前に媒染剤で模様を描く)と蠟防染とが併用されることで,手描き更紗の場合はカラムkalamと呼ぶ鉄ペンによって,型更紗の場合は木型によって,媒染剤や蠟が布に置かれる。手描きと型を併用する場合もある。… ※「kalam」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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