Pāaliputra - Pāaliputra (English spelling)

Japanese: パータリプトラ - ぱーたりぷとら(英語表記)Pāaliputra
Pāaliputra - Pāaliputra (English spelling)

The capital of the ancient Indian kingdom of Magadha. In the Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures, it is written as Hua Shi Cheng or Hua Zi Cheng. Originally a village on the banks of the Ganges River, a fortress was built here in the early 5th century BC by King Ajatashatru of Magadha, and the capital was moved here from Rajagriha during the reign of his son Udayin. It later became the capital of various dynasties that arose in Magadha, including the Nanda dynasty (4th century BC) and the Mauryan dynasty (4th to 2nd century BC), and also the Gupta dynasty (up to the 6th century), which arose in the 4th century later. The Greek Megasthenes, who visited here in the early Mauryan dynasty, and the Chinese monk Faxian, who visited here in the middle of the Gupta dynasty, both marveled at the grandeur of the city and its palace. It was the political and economic center of northern India for about 1,000 years, but lost its importance with the decline of the Gupta dynasty. Today, the remains of palaces and walls have been excavated in Kumrahar, a suburb of Patna.

[Genichi Yamazaki]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

古代インド、マガダ国の都。漢訳仏典では華氏(かし)城、華子(かし)城などと記される。もともとガンジス川河畔の一村落であったが、紀元前5世紀初めにマガダ国のアジャータシャトル(阿闍世(あじゃせ))王によってこの地に城塞(じょうさい)が築かれ、その子ウダーインの時代にラージャグリハ(王舎城)からここに都が移された。その後、ナンダ朝(前4世紀)、マウリヤ朝(前4~前2世紀)などマガダに興った諸王朝の都となり、また後4世紀に興ったグプタ朝(~6世紀)もここを都とした。マウリヤ朝初期にこの地を訪れたギリシア人メガステネスと、グプタ朝中期に訪れた中国僧の法顕(ほっけん)は、ともにこの都市と宮殿の壮大さに驚嘆している。約1000年にわたり北インドの政治、経済の中心であったが、グプタ朝の衰退とともに重要性を失った。今日、パトナ市郊外のクムラハールなどから、宮殿跡や城壁跡が発掘されている。

[山崎元一]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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