...Meanwhile, the Russian forces led by Generals Aleksandr V. Samsonov (1859-1914) and Pavel K. Rennenkampf (1854-1918) mobilized quickly, which led Chief of Staff Moltke to hastily appoint P. von Hindenburg and E. Ludendorff.The Battle of Tannenberg in East Prussia took place over nine days from August 23, 1914, and the German forces succeeded in surrounding and annihilating the Russian forces. However, the changes made to the Schlieffen Plan, such as transferring some of the divisions that had been deployed on the important right flank of the Western Front to the Eastern Front for the Battle of Tannenberg, had a serious impact on the entire war situation thereafter, and in the Battle of the Marne on the Western Front, which was fought for about a week from September 5, the German army was defeated by a counterattack from the French army led by Joseph JC Joffre (1852-1931). The German army then regrouped on the banks of the Aisne River, several dozen kilometers before the Marne River, but the defeat at the Marne meant the complete failure of the Schlieffen Plan, which was based on the idea of the Western Front first and short-term quick decisions. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Joffre, JJC" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 一方,サムソノフAleksandr V.Samsonov(1859‐1914)とレンネンカンプPavel K.Rennenkampf(1854‐1918)両将軍の率いるロシア軍の動員は迅速で,そのため参謀総長モルトケはP.vonヒンデンブルクとE.ルーデンドルフを急きょ起用,1914年8月23日から9日間にわたって東プロイセンのタンネンベルクで会戦し,ドイツ軍はロシア軍を包囲殲滅(せんめつ)することに成功した。けれども,タンネンベルクの戦闘のため,西部戦線の重要な右翼に配置されていた師団の一部を東部戦線に移すというように,シュリーフェン計画に変更を加えたことがその後の戦局の全体に深刻な影響を及ぼすことになり,早速9月5日から約1週間にわたって戦われた西部戦線でのマルヌ会戦では,ドイツ軍はジョッフルJoseph J.C.Joffre(1852‐1931)の率いるフランス軍の反撃を受け敗退した。そこでドイツ軍はマルヌ川よりも数十km手前のエーヌ河畔で陣容を立て直したが,しかしマルヌの敗戦は,西部戦線第一主義と短期即決の思想にもとづくシュリーフェン計画の完全な頓挫を意味するものであった。… ※「Joffre,J.J.C.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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