Atheroma (sebaceous cyst)
What is the disease? Occurs in the skin What is the cause? Deep inside the pores How symptoms manifestIt can occur anywhere on the body, but is most common on the face and head. It is a lump of several millimeters to several centimeters in size, and can be gently raised or flat. In most cases, the skin on the surface of the lump has a single black dot-like depression that looks like a blocked pore, but there are no other abnormalities on the surface (Figure 77). However, if the sac ruptures inside the skin, the contents of the sac will leak out into the surrounding area, causing severe inflammation and rapid redness and swelling. Testing and diagnosisIt can usually be diagnosed just by appearance, but if there is any doubt about the diagnosis, it will be surgically removed and a pathology test will be performed. Treatment methodsThe entire pouch is removed through surgery. Simply making an incision and removing the contents will inevitably result in recurrence. If inflammation occurs, it may be difficult to remove the pouch cleanly, so in some cases only an incision is performed to allow the inflammation to subside. In such cases, surgery can be performed successfully after the inflammation has subsided for several months or more. What to do if you notice an illnessVisit a dermatologist to be examined to make sure that you have an atheroma. If it is small and located on the chest, abdomen, or back, there is no problem if you leave it alone until it grows to a size that bothers you. If it occurs on the face or head, we recommend that you undergo surgery while the atheroma is still small to prevent the scar from becoming large. Atsushi Tamura "> Figure 77 Atheroma Source: Houken “Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia” Information about the Sixth Edition Family Medicine Encyclopedia |
どんな病気か 皮膚のなかに生じた 原因は何か 毛穴の奥にある 症状の現れ方全身どこにでもできますが、顔面と頭部に多く発生します。数㎜～数㎝のしこりで、なだらかに盛り上がるものと盛り上がりのないものがあります。しこりの表面の皮膚には、ふさがった毛穴のように見える黒色の点状陥没がひとつみられることが多いのですが、そのほかには表面に異常はありません（図77）。 ただし、袋が皮膚の内部で破れた場合には、袋の内容が周囲にもれ出て激しい炎症を起こし、急激に赤くはれ上がります。 検査と診断通常は見た目だけで診断できます。診断に疑いがある場合には手術によって摘出し、病理検査を行います。 治療の方法手術により袋ごと全部摘出します。切開して内容を取り除くだけでは必ず再発します。炎症を起こした場合には袋をきれいに摘出することが困難になるので、炎症をひかせるために切開だけを行う場合があります。このような場合には、炎症がなくなって数カ月以上たってから手術するとうまく摘出できます。 病気に気づいたらどうする皮膚科専門医を受診し、アテロームに間違いないかどうか診察を受けます。胸部、腹部、背部などで小さいものは、気になる大きさになるまで放っておいても問題はありません。顔面や頭部に生じた場合には、傷跡が大きくならないようにアテロームが小さいうちに手術を受けることをすすめます。 田村 敦志 "> 図77 アテローム 出典 法研「六訂版 家庭医学大全科」六訂版 家庭医学大全科について 情報 |
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