...Through a centralized bureaucracy, a controlled economy, and profits from East-West trade, the Ptolemaic dynasty grew into the most powerful state in the Hellenistic world, with its territories stretching from the coasts of Phoenicia, Cyprus, the coasts of Asia Minor, and the Cyclades to Thrace and the Black Sea, and reaching Cyrenaica in the west. To secure the support of the native Egyptians, he accepted the belief in the old gods, presided over their worship as pharaoh, and built temples. However, in order to actively promote the fusion of Greek and Egyptian religions, he created a new god of prophecy and healing, Serapis, who combined the attributes of the Greek god Hades (Pluto) with the god Osiris, who took the form of the sacred bull Hapi worshipped at Memphis, and made him the national god, and made him a triad of gods along with Osiris' wife Isis and her son Harpokratēs (a form of Horus). The cult of the monarch was also adopted, and from Ptolemy II onwards, kings were worshipped as gods in state ceremonies while alive, and were worshipped as saviours after death. From 【Rose】...The rose decorations placed in the center of the ceiling of Western rooms originated from the tradition that roses symbolize secrecy. It is said to be based on the Greek myth in which this flower was given to Harpokratēs, the god of silence. Since ancient times, a single rose has been placed in the center of the ceiling of a conference room as a sign of an oath not to leak the contents of the conference to outsiders. This is the origin of the idiom "sub rosa" (under the rose, in secret). *Some of the terminology that mentions "Harpokratēs" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…こうしてプトレマイオス1世から同3世までの間に,中央集権的官僚機構,統制経済および東西交易による利潤の獲得と国力の充実により,プトレマイオス王朝はヘレニズム世界最強の国家に成長し,その領土は北はフェニキア沿岸,キプロス島,小アジア沿岸,キクラデス諸島からトラキア,黒海沿岸に及び,西はキレナイカに達した。土着エジプト人の支持を確保するために旧来の神々の信仰を認め,ファラオとして祭祀を主宰,神殿を建立したが,ギリシア人とエジプト人との融合を宗教上で積極的に推進するため,メンフィスで崇拝された聖牛ハピHapiの姿をもったオシリス神にギリシアの神ハデス(プルトン)の属性を加えた新しい予言と治癒の神セラピスを創設して国家神とし,オシリスの妻イシスとその子ハルポクラテスHarpokratēs(ホルスの一形態)と共に三柱神とした。君主崇拝も採用され,プトレマイオス2世以降王は生前より神として国家祭儀を受け,死後は救済神として祀られた。… 【バラ(薔薇)】より…また西洋の室内の天井中心に付けられるばら飾りroseは,バラが秘密を暗示する伝統から生じた。ギリシア神話でこの花が沈黙の神ハルポクラテスHarpokratēsに与えられた故事に基づくといわれるが,昔から会議室の天井中央に1輪のバラの花をつけ,会議の内容を外部に漏らさない誓いの印とした。〈スブ・ロサsub rosa〉(バラの下で,秘密裏に)なる成語の語源である。… ※「Harpokratēs」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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