Cistercian Order - Sacer Ordo Cisterciensis

Japanese: シトー会 - シトーかい（英語表記）Sacer Ordo Cisterciensis

A Catholic monastic order founded in Cîteaux, France, in 1098. The monks of the Benedictine monastery of Molesme disliked the laxity of discipline and sought the guidance of the abbot Robertus (Robert) to strictly follow the rules. The order flourished after Bernard of Clairvaux joined, so it is also called the Bernardines, and is also called the "White Monks" because of their monastic robes. The foundations were solidified under the third abbot. In other words, it prohibited food and clothing that were not in accordance with the rules, prescribed absolute communal living, prohibited ownership that would lead to interaction with the surrounding society, and reintroduced labor. It was characterized by three points: members were subject to the same rules and customs, all abbots gathered in Cîteaux once a year to hold a general meeting, and the abbot of the parent monastery made an annual inspection of each monastery that branched off from it. It also played an important role in the 12th century economy, mainly in wool textiles, through sheep farming. After the 12th century, the order began to decline, and disappeared in the north during the Reformation. The Strict Cistercian Order, which was reformed by de Rancay in the 17th century, became known as the Trappist order. Convents for women have existed since the beginning of the 12th century, and Port-Royal is also part of the Cistercian order. The buildings from the early days of the order were characterized by a lack of decoration, and are representative of early Gothic style.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1098年フランスのシトーに創立されたカトリック修道会。モレームのベネディクト会修道院の修士たちが規律のゆるみを嫌い，戒律に厳格に従うためその大修院長ロベルトゥス (ロベール) の指導を仰いで新たに開いたもの。クレルボーのベルナルドゥスの入会後興隆したのでベルナルド会とも，またその修道服から「白衣の修道士」とも呼ばれる。3代目の修道院長のとき基礎が固まった。すなわち，規律によらない衣食を禁じ，絶対的共同生活を規定し，周囲の社会との交流をもたらす所有を禁じ，労働を再導入した。会員が同じ戒律，習慣に服すること，全修院長が1年に1度シトーに集り総会を開くこと，母体となった修道院の院長はそこから派生した各修院を1年ごとに巡察することの3点を特色とした。また牧羊によって毛織物を中心に 12世紀の経済界でも重要な役割を果した。 12世紀を過ぎると衰退に向い，宗教改革時に北方でのシトー会は消滅。 17世紀のド・ランセの改革による厳律シトー会はトラピスト修道会として知られる。女子修道院は 12世紀初めより存在し，ポール・ロワイヤルもシトーの系列に入る。なお，創立期の建物は無装飾を特色とし，初期ゴシックの代表的なものである。

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