... If we estimate the state of settlements and farmland in the Old Germanic period based on the results of such academic research, we can roughly summarize it as follows. The most common settlements were not densely-packed villages with 20 to 30 houses (Gewanndorf) that appeared clearly from the 8th and 9th centuries onwards, nor were they scattered villages (Einzelhof) in which each house had its own farmland around it, but rather small, loosely-organized groups of clans or retainer families with 4 to 5 or at most 10 houses. This is said to be suggested by the existence of small settlements called Drubbel or Eschdorf that survived to later generations in various areas of northwestern Germany. ... From 【Village】… The first and most detailed classification of village types was done by A. Meitzen in Germany in his book “Settlements and Farming Methods of West Germanic, East Germanic, Celtic, Roman, Hunnic and Slavic Peoples”, which divided the villages into five types: (1) Gewanndorf (settlement village) It was so named because it consisted of several large divisions of land, each divided equally among the number of farmers. Meitzen considered it to be a Germanic settlement. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Gewanndorf" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… そうした学界の成果をふまえて古ゲルマン時代の集落と農地のあり方を推定した場合,ほぼつぎのように総括することができる。すなわちその最も一般的な集落は,8~9世紀以降にはっきりとあらわれる20~30戸を単位とする有核密集村落(集村Gewanndorf)でもなければ,各戸が家屋敷の周囲に農地を持って散在する散居制(散村Einzelhof)でもなく,4~5戸からせいぜい10戸程度の小規模なルーズなまとまりを持つ氏族または従士家族の集団であったと思われる。北西ドイツの諸地域に後世まで残存したドルッベルDrubbelまたはエッシュドルフEschdorfと呼ばれる小集落のあり方が,これを示唆しているといわれる。… 【集落】より… 村落の形態について最初に最も詳細に分類したのは,ドイツのA.マイツェンの《西ゲルマン,東ゲルマン,ケルト,ローマ,フン,スラブ諸族の集落と農法》であり,次の五つに分けている。(1)集村Gewanndorf 耕作農民の数に等しく割られた耕牧地から構成される,いくつかの大割Gewannからなるのでこの名称がある。マイツェンはゲルマン人の集落と考えた。… ※「Gewanndorf」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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