Missing - Elopement

Japanese: 欠落 - かけおち

A term of early modern law that is comparable to disappearance in modern law and escape under the Ritsuryo system. When a missing person is found in a town or village, the town or village official reports it to the relevant government office. The government office orders the town or village official to search for the missing person, and if the missing person is not found after 180 days, the order is issued for a permanent search. A permanent search is a punishment for the negligence of the searcher, but on the flip side, it has almost the same effect as a declaration of disappearance today, and the missing person's property is transferred to the heir. The above system was also in place in the early Meiji period, with the name changed to "fugitive search," and the deadline and other details were the same. Incidentally, the word "missing" often appears in servant certificates from the Edo period, which means that the servant disappears before the end of the contract period. In such cases, it was customary for the contractor to be obligated to pay compensation.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

近代法における失踪，律令制における逃亡に比当される近世法の用語。町方，村方に欠落人が生じると，町村の役人はこれを管轄官庁に届け出る。官庁は，親類町村役人へ，たずね出しを命じ，180日を経て発見しえない場合には，永尋 (ながたずね) の命を下した。永尋は，捜索人の懈怠を責めるものであるが，裏面において，今日の失踪宣告とほぼ同様の効果を生ぜしめるもので，これによって，欠落人の財産は相続人に移転された。なお，以上の制度は明治初期においても，「逃亡尋」と名を変えて，日限その他，そのままに行われていた。ちなみに，江戸期の奉公人証文にも，「欠落」の文字がしばしばみえるが，これは奉公人が契約期間満了前に失踪することである。そして，この場合には，請け人が弁償義務を負うのが通例であった。

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