…This is related to the fact that architecture must satisfy three conditions: it must have a purpose and be a practical item that must withstand the elements and the passage of time; it must be a large, heavy structure that must withstand large physical forces such as gravity, wind, earthquakes, and attacks; and, in addition to satisfying the above requirements, it must be a symbolic object that is not unsightly, and preferably beautiful and has a meaningful form. Vitruvius, an ancient Roman architect who transmitted the techniques and ideas of Greek architects, wrote Ten Treatises on Architecture around 30 BC, in which he summarized this in three principles of architecture: utility (utilitas), durability (firmitas), and beauty (venustas). Since ancient times, people who build buildings have thought about how to achieve these simultaneously, as far as their financial means, available materials, technology, and labor force allow. … *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "firmitas" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これは,建築がまず用途や目的をもち,風雪や時の流れに耐えねばならない実用品であること,大規模で重量があり,重力,風力,地震力,攻撃力のような大きな物理的な外力に耐えなければならない構造物であること,そして,以上の要求を満たしたうえで,しかも見苦しくなく,できれば美しく,なるべく意味深い形態をもつ象徴物でありたいこと,という三つの条件を満足させなければならないことに関係している。古代ローマの建築家で,ギリシアの建築家たちの技術と思想を伝えたウィトルウィウスは,前30年ころ《建築十書》を著し,そのなかで,有用さutilitas,耐久力firmitas,美しさ(魅力)venustasという建築3原則で,このことを要約している。古来,建物を建てる人々は,財力,入手し得る材料,技術,労働力が許す限り,これらを同時に達成する方法を考えてきた。… ※「firmitas」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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