A type of double oxide mineral. It is also called perovskite. It is used not only as a mineral but also as a basic form of atomic arrangement, as perovskite-type compounds (general formula: MXO 3 ), and it is predicted that some compounds with the above structure will have this structure under ultra-high pressure conditions deep underground. Another type of atomic arrangement with this general formula is the ilmenite-type structure FeTiO 3 , which is a crystal structure consisting of two metal ions, iron (Fe) with a slightly large bond radius and titanium (Ti) with a small bond radius, while the perovskite type is formed by M with a large bond radius and X with a relatively small bond radius (M and X represent ions). It is found in alkaline plutonic rocks, kimberlites, ultramafic rocks, and carbonatites, as well as in skarns that are formed at high temperatures and are relatively poor in silica. It is also famous for showing extremely significant changes in chemical composition based on the formula CaTiO 3 . Euhedral is a cube or a solid based on it, and basically retains the shape of the high-temperature phase of the isometric system. The atomic displacement due to the transition to the low-temperature phase of the orthorhombic system is very small. It is named after the Russian mineralogist Count Lev Alexeevich Perovsky (1792-1856). [Akira Kato] [References] | | | | | | | |Plutonic | | | | | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
複酸化鉱物の一つ。ペロブスカイト(ペロウスカイト)ともいう。鉱物としてばかりでなく、原子配列の一つの基本形としてペロブスカイト型化合物(一般式はMXO3)というように用いられ、地下深部の超高圧条件下で上記の形を有する化合物のなかに、この構造をとる物質があることが予想されている。ちなみにこの一般式でのほかの形の原子配列としては、チタン鉄鉱型構造FeTiO3があるが、これは結合半径のやや大きい鉄(Fe)と小さいチタン(Ti)の2種の金属イオンからなる結晶構造であり、ペロブスカイト型は結合半径の大きいMと比較的小さいX(M、Xはイオンを表す)がつくるものである。アルカリ深成岩、キンバレー岩、超塩基性岩、カーボナタイト中に産するほか、高温生成でケイ酸分に比較的乏しいスカルン中にも産する。CaTiO3という式を基調として、きわめて著しい化学組成変化を示すことでも有名である。自形は立方体、あるいはこれを基調とした立体で、基本的に等軸晶系の高温相の形態を保持する。斜方晶系の低温相への転移による原子の変位はごくわずかである。命名はロシアの鉱物学者ペロウスキー伯爵Count Lev Alexeevich Perovsky(1792―1856)にちなむ。 [加藤 昭] [参照項目] | | | | | | | | | | | | | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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