…Ikeda, Ogawa, and Onuki's theory, following Sakata's example, assumes that the fundamental particles are P, N, and Λ, and that the theory is invariant under any unitary linear transformation of the wave functions of these three particles. To be precise, this is a theory that is symmetric with respect to the transformation of the three-dimensional unitary group (U(3) group) (U(3) symmetry). In contrast, Gell-Mann's theory differs slightly in that P, N, Λ, sigma particles ( + , - , 0 ), which also have spin 1/2, and xi particles (Ξ 0 , Ξ - ) are eight-dimensional representations of the three-dimensional special unitary group (SU(3) group) (eightfold way theory). The regularity of the breaking of SU(3) symmetry led to the Gell-Mann-Okubo mass formula, which predicted the mass of the omega particle (Ω - ), a spin-3/2 particle belonging to the ten-dimensional representation of SU(3) that had not yet been discovered at the time. The theory of SU(3) symmetry was proved correct when this particle was discovered in 1964 at the predicted mass. *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "eightfold way" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…池田,小川,大貫の理論では坂田にならって基本粒子をP,N,Λの三つとし,理論はこの三つの粒子の波動関数の任意のユニタリな一次変換に関して不変になっているとするもので,これは正確には三次元ユニタリ群(U(3)群)の変換に対して対称な理論であった(U(3)対称性)。これに対してゲル・マンの理論ではP,N,Λおよび同じくスピン1/2のシグマ粒子(+,-,0),グザイ粒子(Ξ0,Ξ-)の八つが三次元特殊ユニタリ群(SU(3)群)の八次元表現になっているとした(八道説eightfold way)点で多少相違する。SU(3)対称性の破れ方の規則性からゲル・マン=大久保の質量公式が導かれたが,この式はSU(3)の十次元表現に属するスピン3/2の粒子で,当時は未発見であったオメガ粒子(Ω-)の質量を予見し,1964年に予見どおりの質量のところにこの粒子が発見されたことによってSU(3)対称性の理論の正しさが証明された。… ※「eightfold way」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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