A seaweed belonging to the order Bangiocarpus. It is also called Amanori. It often grows in shallow seas near river mouths. Since the Edo period, high-quality seaweed has been harvested near Asakusa in Tokyo Bay and sold commercially as food, hence the name. The algae are thin and consist of a single cell layer. When alive, they are blackish purple, but when placed in alcohol, the chlorophyll dissolves and they turn red, and when heated, the algal red pigment is broken down and they turn green. Each cell contains star-shaped plastid pyrenoids (→ nucleoids). They are hermaphroditic, and produce 8 eggs and 64 male sperm at maturity. The male sperm lack flagella and float in the sea until they reach the fertilization protuberance of the cell that formed the egg and fertilize it. They are usually harvested when they grow to about 20 cm, but there are records of them growing to the size of a newspaper. Other species in the same genus include P. suborbiculata (round seaweed), P. dentata (big seaweed), P. yezoensis (simple seaweed), which grows on intertidal bamboo in colder regions, and P. pseudolinearis (simple seaweed), which is found on the coast of Japan and the Korean peninsula. All of these species are edible. They contain IMP (inosine monophosphate), which gives seaweed its unique taste and flavor. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
紅藻類ウシケノリ目に属する海藻。別名アマノリともいう。河口付近の遠浅の海などによく発生する。古く江戸時代より東京湾の浅草付近で良質のものが採取され,食用として市販されたのでこの名がある。藻体は薄く1層の細胞層から成り,生きているときは黒紫色であるが,アルコールに入れると葉緑素が溶出して紅色となり,熱をかけると藻紅素がこわされて緑色となる。各細胞には星状の色素体ピレノイド (→核様体 ) などがみられる。雌雄同体で,成熟時に8卵と 64雄精子を生じる。雄精子は鞭毛を欠き,海中を浮遊し,卵を形成した細胞の受精突起に達して受精する。通常は 20cmぐらいに伸びると採取するが,新聞紙大まで成長した記録がある。同属のものに荒海の高潮線付近の岩につくマルバアマノリ P. suborbiculata,オニアマノリ P. dentata,やや寒い地方の潮間帯の木竹につくスサビノリ P. yezoensis,日本海岸,朝鮮半島に分布するウップルアマノリ P. pseudolinearisなどがあり,いずれも食用となる。これらには IMP (イノシンモノリン酸) が含まれ,海苔特有の味,風味の原因をなしている。
出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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