Sargent, Thomas J.

Japanese: サージェント（英語表記）Sargent, Thomas J.

Born July 19, 1943 in Pasadena, California. American economist. Full name: Thomas John Sargent. Graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1964. Obtained his PhD from Harvard University in 1968. After serving as a professor of economics at the University of Pennsylvania from 1970 to 1971 and at the University of Minnesota from 1971 to 1987, he served as a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University from 1987, David Rockefeller Professor at the University of Chicago from 1991 to 1998, Donald L. Lucas Professor of Economics at Stanford University, and William R. Berkeley Professor of Economics and Business Administration at New York University from 2002. Together with Robert E. Lucas, he reconstructed classical economics based on the rational expectations hypothesis, and pointed out that Keynesian discretionary macroeconomic policies that ignore the effects of government policy-making rules on private economic activity and expectations are ineffective, developing a new macroeconomic theory. In 2011, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences along with Christopher A. Sims. He was recognized for empirical research into the causal relationship between economic policies generally pursued by governments and central banks and macroeconomic variables such as inflation and employment, and for discovering completely new ways of thinking and methods for elucidating the characteristics of that relationship. His publications include Macroeconomic Theory (1979), Rational Expectations and Econometric Practice (1981), co-edited with Lucas, and Dynamic Macroeconomic Theory (1987).

Sergeant
Sargent, John Singer

Born January 12, 1856 in Florence
[Died] April 15, 1925, London American painter. Born in Italy to American parents, he studied under Durand in Paris from 1874 to 1879, then traveled to Italy and Spain. During this time he was particularly influenced by Velázquez. After 1884 he settled in London and gained fame as a portrait painter. In his later years he devoted himself to creating watercolors in an impressionistic style. His most famous work is Madame X (1884, Metropolitan Museum of Art).

Sergeant
Sargent, Sir Malcolm

Born: April 29, 1895, Stanford
[Died] September 3, 1967, London. British conductor. He started as an organist in 1921 and conducted major orchestras in the UK, while also teaching conducting at the Royal Academy of Music. In 1950, he was nominated as the principal conductor of the BBC Symphony Orchestra, and in 1954 he came to Japan with the orchestra.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1943.7.19. カリフォルニア，パサディナ
アメリカ合衆国の経済学者。フルネーム Thomas John Sargent。1964年カリフォルニア大学バークリー校卒業。1968年ハーバード大学で博士号取得。1970～71年ペンシルバニア大学経済学教授，1971～87年ミネソタ大学経済学教授を経て 1987年からスタンフォード大学フーバー研究所上級研究員，1991～98年シカゴ大学デービッド・ロックフェラー教授，スタンフォード大学ドナルド・L.ルーカス経済学教授，2002年からニューヨーク大学ウィリアム・R.バークリー経済学・経営学教授などを歴任。ロバート・E.ルーカスとともに合理的期待形成仮説に基づいて古典派経済学を再構築し，政府の政策決定のルールが民間の経済活動や予想形成に影響することを無視したケインズ的な裁量的マクロ経済政策は，有効ではないことを指摘し，新しいマクロ経済学を展開した。2011年，クリストファー・A.シムズとともにノーベル経済学賞を受賞した。一般に政府や中央銀行が推進する経済政策と，インフレーションや雇用などのマクロ経済変数との因果関係を実証的に研究し，その関係の特性を解明するためのまったく新しい考え方と手法を見出したことが評価された。著書に，『マクロ経済理論』Macroeconomic Theory（1979），ルーカスとの編著『合理的期待と計量的実践』Rational Expectations and Econometric Practice（1981），『動学的マクロ経済理論』Dynamic Macroeconomic Theory（1987）など。

サージェント
Sargent， John Singer

[生]1856.1.12. フィレンツェ
[没]1925.4.15. ロンドン
アメリカの画家。アメリカ人を両親としてイタリアに生れ，1874～79年パリのデュランのもとで修業したのち，イタリア，スペインを旅行。この間特にベラスケスの影響を受ける。 84年以後はロンドンに定住，肖像画家として名声を得る。晩年は印象主義的作風の水彩画の制作に没頭。代表作は『マダムX』 (1884，メトロポリタン美術館) 。